问题 多项选择题 案例分析题

病历摘要:患者女性,41岁,咳嗽、咳痰1月,咳少量粘稠痰,伴盗汗、乏力,期间曾有高热、咯血,无胸痛、气促,曾在当地医院予“阿莫西林”、“环丙沙星”等抗炎治疗1周,症状一度减轻。近2周来上述症状又反复,无发热,遂入院诊治。起病以来,患者精神、食欲欠佳,大小便尚正常。既往有糖尿病病史3年。血常规:WBC9.1×109/L,N0,72RBC335×1012/L,Hb9.7g/L。

关于PPD皮试,以下不正确的有哪些?()

A.一般选择左侧前臂曲侧中上部1/3处,0.1ml(5IU)皮内注射

B.PPD皮试后48~72h观察和记录结果,测量红晕的横径和纵径,计算平均直径=(横径+纵径)/2

C.一般来说,PPD皮试结果阴性的儿童,可以除外结核病

D.结核性脑膜炎患者PPD皮试结果多10mm以内

E.PPD皮试结果呈强阳性反应可确诊结核病

答案

参考答案:B, E

单项选择题

It’s a cliche—but true—that a huge obstacle to a per economic recovery is the lack of confidence in a p recovery. If consumers and businesses were more confident, they would be spending, hiring and lending more freely. Instead, we’re deluged with reports suggesting that, because the recession was so deep, it will take many years to regain anything like the pre-crisis prosperity. Just last week, for example, the McKinsey Global Institute released a study estimating that the country needs 21 million additional jobs by 2020 to reduce the unemployment rate to 5 percent. The study was skeptical that this would happen. Pessimism and slow growth become a vicious cycle.

Battered confidence most obviously reflects the ferocity and shock of the financial collapse and the ensuing recession, including the devastating housing collapse. But there’s another, less appreciated cause: disillusion with modern economics. Probably without realizing it, most Americans had accepted the fundamental promises of contemporary economics. These were: First, we know enough to prevent another Great Depression; second, although we can’t prevent every recession, we know enough to ensure sustained and, for the most part, p recoveries. These propositions, endorsed by most economists, had worked themselves into society’s belief structure.

Embracing them does not preclude economic disappointments, setbacks, worries or risks. But for most people most of the time, it does preclude economic calamity. People felt protected. If you stop believing them, then you act differently. You begin shielding yourself, as best you can, against circumstances and dangers that you can’t foresee but that you fear are there. You become more cautious. You hesitate more before making a big commitment-buying a home or car, if you’re a consumer; hiring workers, if you’re an employer; starting a new business, if you’re an entrepreneur; or making loans, if you’re a banker. Almost everyone is hunkered down in some way.

One disturbing fact from the McKinsey report is this: The number of new businesses, a traditional source of jobs, was down 23 percent in 9,010 from 2007; the level was the lowest since 1983, when America had about 75 million fewer people. Large corporations are standoffish. They have about $2 trillion of cash and securities on their balance sheets, which could be used for hiring and investing in new products.

It’s not that economics achieved nothing. The emergency measures thrown at the crisis in many countries exceptionally low interest rates, "stimulus" programs of extra spending and tax cuts—probably averted another Depression. But it’s also true that there’s now no consensus among economists as to how to strengthen the recovery. Economists suffer from what one of them calls "the pretense-of-knowledge syndrome." They act as if they understand more than they do and presume that their policies, whether of the left or right, have benefits more predictable than they actually are. It’s worth remembering that the recovery’s present slowdown is occurring despite measures taken to speed it up.

So modern economics has been oversold, and the public is now disbelieving. The disillusion feeds stubbornly low confidence.

The "pretense-of-knowledge syndrome" refers to()

A. the belief of economists about bow economic things work

B. the illness that is damaging the health of today’s economy

C. the consensus that there is no quick fix for economic recession

D. the ineffective measures taken to correct the economic crisis

问答题 论述题