问题 问答题 案例分析题

某市按地理位置划分成30个学区,每学区有4所小学。经一阶段整群抽样,抽得3个学区。对这3个学区的每一所学校调查了学生总数和色盲的人数,数据见下表13~5。

请问:

(1)该资料属于何种类型的资料?

(2)如何选择3个学区的学生色盲患病率的差异的假设检验方法?

(3)在本例的一阶段整群抽样中,"群"是指什么?可否用分层随机抽样达到同一目的?这时的"层"是什么?

(4)围绕估计总体均数所需样本量的估算公式讨论,何时采用完全随机抽样?何时采用分层随机抽样?何时采用一阶段整群抽样?

答案

参考答案:

要点:

根据题意:

(1)属于计数资料

(2)可采用X检验

(3)"群"是学区。如果要用分层随机抽样达到这一目的,此时应将120所小学重新按某种属性分层,在各层中随机抽取小学。

(4)根据估计总体均数所需样本量的估算公式可知,除相对误差和置信水平外,影响样本量的是变异系数cV,cV越大则样本量越大,而cV又受总体变异度的影响,因此当总体的变异度不大的时候,可用单纯随机抽样;当总体的变异度比较大,又可以找到产生影响的混杂变量时,就可以按该混杂变量分层,采用分层随机抽样;如果总体比较大,实施单纯随机抽样有困难,可以采用整群抽样,此时注意群间的差异越小越好。

解析思路:

1.对于统计学的案例分析首先应明确资料的性质,是计量资料、计数资料或等级资料,因不同的资料有不同的统计描述和统计推断的方法。

2.要选择适当的抽样方法。对于大规模的现场调查抽样方法非常重要,抽样方法不当,容易出现抽样误差,而得到不正确的结果。所以常用的几种抽样方法应熟悉。

3.要准确估计样本含量。样本量太大,费时、费力、费钱;样本量太小,样本估计总体的代表性差。

4.要注意正确选择统计推断方法,统计推断方法选择不当,可能损失信息,使本来有差异的事物而变成无差异,从而得出相反的结论。

单项选择题
阅读理解

Summer school is something a kid will never forget.For some, it's a way to advance past their classmates.For most, summer school is' a requirement in order to graduate with their classmates I can remember being forced into taking a summer school course.It was not the school that forced me into this awkward situation it was my mother.

I was a 16-year-old kid in a new school; My school did not offer summer courses so I had to take my course at an alternative school in the city.It was an experience I will never forget.I was not concerned with making friends.I was there to get credit (学分) for a course that I should have received credit for the previous semester.It was.my doing that landed me in the situation and it was important that I understood this.

The fees were lowest but the experience was amazing.I enjoyed I didn't miss the day. The course was from Monday to Friday for an entire month.I passed the course with an A.I was thrown into an awkward situation and actually enjoyed it.My friends didn't even know I took the course.Most of them were still sleeping by the time my course  ended each day.

Awkward situations are so important for personal growth.This situation made me feel more independent.I made friends.I finally understood what sacrifice and hard work were all about.While attending college, I remembered how much I enjoyed summer school and I chose to take summer school in my first three years of college.Some kids get pushed too much but some don't get pushed enough.I was never pushed enough.

Enable your children to struggle for success.If your child needs summer school you explain to them why it's important.Some parents are surprised by the situation and may want to be more involved in their children's education.Follow through and follow up.

小题1:Most students go to the summer school in order to ____.

A.find good jobs graduation

B.become top students in their class

C.have a chance to make more friends

D.graduate successfully on time小题2:What made the author go to summer school for the first time?

A.What he had done.

B.His mother's wish.

C.His own requirement.

D.Study competition.小题3:Which of the following was NOT the benefit got by the author through attending summer school?

A.It helped him get rid of bad habits.

B.It helped him make new friends.

C.It helped him understand what sacrifice and hard work were.

D.It increased his independence.小题4:From the last paragraph we can learn that the author ____.

A.does not like summer school at all even though it is useful

B.thinks summer school is unnecessary for children

C.encourages parents to make their children attend summer school

D.is against forcing children to attend summer school小题5:What does the author think of summer school?

A.He thinks it is awkward.

B.He thinks it is significant.

C.He doesn't think it is suitable.

D.He thinks nothing of it.