问题 简答题

(12分)阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料 太平天国是中国近代史上的重大事件,人们一般认为,太平天国对清王朝封建统治的打击,有助于推动中国社会的发展和历史的进步。近年来,在研究深入的同时,人们努力对太平天国做出实事求是的评价。有学者一针见血地指出,作为发生在近代时期的农民起义,我们更要注重从现代化的角度去重新审视。从这个角度衡量,太平天国建立的 * * ,沿袭了封建的君主制、等级制;它借用西方基督教的形式并将其中国化,在将其作为号召和发动农民的工具的同时,又建立了政教合一的专制 * * 。太平天国反对清王朝,只不过是要用一个封建王朝去取代另一个封建王朝。太平天国从宗教出发所采取的反孔政策,它所引起的长达十几年的内战,对中国探求现代化的进程都是一个冲击。——《近代史史学新观点》

评论材料中关于太平天国运动的观点。(要求:围绕材料中的一种或两种观点展开评论;观点明确,史论结合。)

答案

观点判断(2分)

第一种:太平天国打击了清王朝的腐朽统治,促进统治集团内部的调整和更替,客观上为洋务派的出台创造了条件;(4分)太平天国肩负时代的使命,在反封建的同时还反侵略,打破了西方侵略者把中国迅速殖民地化的企图;(3分)太平天国的领导者们在思想上提出了《资政新篇》,勾勒了中国近代化蓝图,具有开拓性的划时代意义。(3分)

第二种观点判断(2分):从太平天国的领导阶级、主力、政策等方面来看,仍然是旧式的农民起义;(2分)《天朝田亩制度》企图在自然经济的基础上实行公有共享和绝对平均主义,违背历史潮流;(3分)运动长期集中在长江流域,破坏了中国最先进省份的生产力;(3分)颁布的《资政新篇》虽是一个发展资本主义的文件,但并没有付诸实践。(2分)

题目分析:本题属小论文的写作题,材料的核心观点是如何看待太平天国运动对中国近代化的影响,即太平天国运动对中国近代化的发展是起推动作用还是阻碍作用。就高中历史小论文的写作大体可以分作两个步骤进行:首先要确定材料中的核心观点,在此基本上明确表达学生自己的态度,即表明是赞成或是反对的态度;然后,接着寻找相关的史实论据进行论证,在论证过程中要往往采用正反论证或多角度,多方面论证两种模式。需要说明的是学生往往对提炼或概括材料中的核心观点有一定的困难,常常感到力不从心或根本不会概括,这种情况需要学生在平时的练习中多下功夫,勤加实践,同时也需要综合提高语言文字的素养和水平。

单项选择题
单项选择题

There are many kinds of friends. Some are always (1) you, but don’t understand you. Some say only a few words to you, but understand you. Many people will step in your life, but only (2) friends leave footprints.
I shall always recall the autumn and the girl with the (3) . She will always bring back the friendship between us. I know she will always be my best friend.
It was the golden season. I could see the yellow leaves (4) with the cool (5) . In such a season, I liked walking alone on the roads covered with leaves, (6) to the sound of them.
Autumn is a (7) season and life is uninteresting. The free days always get me (8) . But one day, the sound of a violin (9) into my ears like a stream flowing in the mountains. I was so surprised that I jumped to see what it was. A young girl, standing in the wind, was (10) in playing her violin.
I had (11) seen her before. The music was so nice that I listened quietly. Lost in the music, I didn’t know that I had been (12) there for so long but my existence did not seem to disturb her.
Leaves were still falling. Every day she played the violin at the comer of the building (13) I went downstairs to watch her performance. I was the only listener. The autumn seemed no longer lonely and life became (14) . (15) we didn’t know each other, I thought we were already good friends. I believe she also loved me.
Autumn was nearly over. One day, when I was listening carefully, the sound suddenly (16) . To my astonishment, the girl came over to me.
"You must like music from the violin." she said.
"Yes. And you play very well. Why did you stop’." I asked.
Suddenly, a (17) expression appeared on her face and I could feel something unusual.
"I came here to see my grandmother, but now I must leave. I once played very badly. It was your listening every day that (18) me. " she said.
"In fact, it was your playing (19) gave me a meaningful autumn," I answered, " Let’s be friends. "
The girl smiled, and so did I. I never heard her play again in my life. I no longer went downstairs to listen to her. Only thick leaves were left behind. But I will always remember the fine figure of the girl. She is like a (20) —so short, so bright, like a shooting star giving off so much light that makes the autumn beautiful.

Ⅱ. 完形填空/Close

A.waiting

B.stopping

C.standing

D.hearing