问题 填空题

“5.12”汶川大地震后,全国人民众志成城投入抗震救灾中.

(1)国家给救援人员配备了活性炭口罩,活性炭起______作用.

(2)救治伤员时,消毒用的“酒精”化学式为______.

(3)灾区急需清洁的饮用水,防疫人员向水中加入一种消毒药片(有效成分为NaClO)对水消毒,其应用原理为:NaClO+X+H2O=NaHCO3+HClO,化学方程式中X的化学式为______,HClO中氯元素的化合价是______.

(4)地震造成宝成铁路109号隧道内油罐车失火,抢险人员迅速将隧道两端封口,并就近从嘉陵江抽取大量的水喷向罐体.这样做的目的______.

答案

(1)根据活性炭具有一种强烈的“物理吸附”和“化学吸附”的作用,可以做防毒面具里的虑毒剂来吸附毒气;所以活性炭口罩,活性炭起吸附作用;  故答案为:吸附;

(2)“酒精”的化学式为:C2H5OH;故答案为:C2H5OH;

(3)根据质量守恒定律:在化学反应中,反应前后原子的种类没有改变,数目没有增减,分析推断X的

化学式为:CO2

HClO中氯元素的化合价为:(+1)+x+(-2)=0,x=+1;

故答案为:CO2 ;+1;

(4)根据灭火的原理:①清除可燃物或使可燃物与其他物品隔离②隔绝氧气或空气③使温度降到可燃物的着火点以下,由此可知:抢险人员迅速将隧道两端封口,并就近从嘉陵江抽取大量的水喷向罐体.这样做的目的:隔绝空气,使温度降低到可燃物着火点以下;

故答案为:隔绝空气,使温度降低到可燃物着火点以下.

阅读理解

There is an endless supply of stories about sleepwalkers(梦游者). People have been said to climb on roofs, solve mathematical problems, write music, walk through windows, and do murder in their sleep.

In Revere, Masachusctts, a hundred policemen scarched for a lost boy who left his home in his sleep and woke up five hours later on a strange sofa in a strange living room, with no idea how he had got there.

At the University of Lowa, a student was reported to have the habit of getting up in the middle of the night and walking three—quarters of a mile to the lowa River. He would take a swim and then go back to his room to bed.

An American expert on sleep claims(声称) that he has never seen a sleepwalker. He is said to know more about sleep than any other living man, and during the last thirty—five years he has lost a lot of sleep watching people sleep. He says, “Of course, I know that there are sleepwalkers because I have read about them in the newspapers. But none of my sleepers ever walked, and if I were to advertise for sleepwalkers for an experiment, I doubt whether I would get many takers(应征者).”

Sleepwalking, however, is a scientific reality. It is one of those strange things that sometimes looks quite fantastic(奇特的). Doctors say that sleepwalking is much more common than is generally supposed. Many sleepwalkers do not try to find help and their sleepwalking is never recorded.

52. Generally speaking, sleepwalkers are people who __________.

A. climb on roofs                        B. walk through windows

C. do fantastic things during their sleep      D. walk in a half—awake state

53. It was reported that a boy ________.

A. was found on a strange sofa, telling how he had got there

B. slept in his own room but woke up in a strange room

C. lost his way five hours after he left home  

D. was searched for by policemen when he lost his way

54. There was a college student who got into the habit of ___________.

A. getting up in the middle of the night and walking down to the river

B. walking three—quarters of a mile every day

C. swimming in the lowa River before going to bed       

D. walking about before he went to bed

55. Why do people think sleepwalking is nothing but a fantastic thing which doesn’t have any explanation?

A. It is so common that it needn’t be recorded.     

B. Scientists take no interest in it.

C. Most sleepwalkers do not seek help for their problem. 

D. No records about it have been made.  

多项选择题