问题 问答题

作图分析并说明政府对汽油征税并以所得税减免的方式返还全部税额时,消费者的满足程度将会下降。

答案

参考答案:(1)政府对汽油征税会导致消费者支付的价格上升,导致对汽油的需求量下降;政府把税收全部返还消费者,这样消费者因为收入增加而对汽油需求增加。但是,因为汽油需求的收入弹性相对较低,所以退还税收的替代效应主导了收入效应,最终消费者对汽油的消费下降了,因此消费者的满足程度也随之下降了。
(2)如图3—13所示,假设汽油初始价格为每升1元,一位消费者的年收入为9000元,对汽油的初始需求为1200升。初始的预算线为AB,消费者通过选择C处的消费组合,购买1200升的汽油并花7800元在其他商品上来最大化其效用。如果每升征税50分,价格上涨50%,从而新预算线移至AD。在需求价格弹性为0.5时,消费量会下降25%,从1200升降至900升,效用最大化的点为E点。假设政府把450元的税收返还消费者,这使得预算线上移至FJ线,与AD平行,假设消费者的需求收入弹性为0.3,则消费者新增加450元相当于收入增加了5%,因此消费者对汽油的消费提高0.3×5%=1.5%,即13.5,消费者新的消费组合在日点,此时他对汽油的消费量为913.5升。

填空题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

阅读下列应用文及相关信息,按照要求匹配信息,选项中有一项为多余选项。

以下是几个国际节日的简要介绍:

A.  Wharfedale Festival of Performing Arts  West Yorkshire, the United Kingdom

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Young people are invited to compete in this art festival with classes covering speech, guitar,

dance, poetry and short story writing, and so on. The previous year's winners are invited

back to perform again at a special concert. With a long and well-known history behind it,

this well-attended competition is a kind of forerunner of popular television talent contests

such as Pop Idol.

B. Sydney Writers' Festival   Sydney, Australia

Held at Sydney's Wharf 4/5, the annual Sydney Writers' Festival is the biggest literary event

of its kind in Australia and one of the biggest book fairs in the world. Attracting a mix of authors,

poets, editors, publishers and book lovers, this is a great event at which people can look through

thousands of titles while enjoying workshops, book reading and seminars.

C. Flipside Festival   Singapore

As part of the Singapore Arts Festival Outreach Programme, Flipside aims to reach a much

wider audience with three weeks of lively, fun street performances. Flipside promises to bring

out the adventurous side of you with a combination of physical theatre and mind games as well

as free outdoor performances such as music performances from local singers.

D. Hay Festival   Hay on Wye, the United Kingdom

The little market town, Hay, has a population of 1500 and no fewer than 39 bookshops. It bills

itself as the world's first and most distinguished book town, and is, therefore, a perfect place for

a literary festival. The festival is a celebration of great writing. There are events including film

screenings and musical concerts and the bookshops remain open throughout.

E. Bergen International Festival    Bergen, Norway

Founded in 1953, the Bergen International Festival presents an impressive cast of outstanding

international artists in the fields of music, ballet, opera and other performing arts. More than 120

events take place in late May to early June, which is a time of beautiful spring weather. The main

festival venue is the Grieg Hall while the smallest and most unusual is an old trolley bus with

seating for just 33 people.

F. Nuits Sonores   Lyon, France

Held each May, this relatively new festival brings together some of the biggest club DJs from

around the world. The focus is on electronic dance music, but it also embraces all musica

l forms ranging from hip hop to jazz. For those that want to see daylight hours after a hard

night clubbing, there is a wide variety of cultural events during the day ranging from special

festival food programmes to films.

下面是几个人物的简要介绍,请匹配他们感兴趣的节日.

1. Martin, a famous writer, likes to find as many chances as possible to attend literary events

around the world. Martin hopes to make friends with editors and book lovers.

2. Kelly is crazy about music, especially electronic dance music. She would like to go to a

festival where she can enjoy different musical forms. She also has a strong interest in films.

3. As an outgoing girl, Victoria is very fond of performing arts. She hopes to take part in some

performing art festivals to challenge and improve herself, and as a way to prepare for future

television talent contests.

4. Simon is in search of a festival in North Europe with a long history where he can appreciate

great international performing arts, especially ballet and opera.

5. Chris is a university student who majors in music. He'd like to watch some local street music

performances. He is also very interested in physical theatre and mind games.