问题 单项选择题

治疗有机磷农药中毒神志清楚者,应首选

A.丹皮、赤药
B.白术、茯苓
C.安宫牛黄丸
D.薏苡仁、泽泻
E.天仙子、洋金花

答案

参考答案:E

解析:[考点评析] 1.有机磷杀虫药中毒病因:有机磷杀虫药大多在24小时内通过肾脏由尿排泄,一般在体内并无积蓄。 2.发病机理:有机磷杀虫药能与体内的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)结合,使乙酰胆碱大量蓄积。从而对胆碱能神经突触的冲动传递产生先兴奋后抑制、继而麻痹的效应,导致神经系统尤其是中枢神经系统功能紊乱。 3.临床表现: ①毒蕈碱样症状:恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻、瞳孔缩小、视力模糊、多汗、流涎、尿频、二便失禁、心跳减慢、支气管痉挛、呼吸道分泌物增多、呼吸困难、发绀,甚则出现肺水肿。 ②烟碱样症状:肌肉震颤、抽搐、心跳加快、血压上升,继而出现肌力减退和瘫痪,呼吸肌麻痹则可引起周围性呼吸衰竭。 ③神经系统症状:中枢神经受乙酰胆碱刺激后出现头晕、头痛、疲乏、共济失调、烦躁不安、谵妄、抽搐和昏迷等症。 4.诊断要点:根据典型临床表现特别是呼出气有蒜臭味,结合毒物接触史,有关实验室检查,一般可诊断。 5.治疗: (1)迅速清除毒物。 (2)使用解毒药物。 ①胆碱酯酶复能药:如解磷定、氯磷定、双复磷和双解磷。 ②抗胆碱药阿托品:阿托品对毒草碱样症状和对抗呼吸中枢抑制有效,但对烟碱样症状和胆碱酯酶活力的恢复没有作用。 阿托品的使用原则:尽早、足量、反复、迅速达到阿托品化。 阿托品化的指征: ①瞳孔扩大不再缩小。 ②颜面潮红、皮肤干燥。 ③腺体分泌减少,口干无汗。 ④肺部啰音减少或消失。 ⑤心跳加快。 (3)防治并发症及对症措施:如防治呼衰、急性肺水肿、体克、急性脑水肿和心律失常等。

单项选择题
完形填空

Dear Mom and Dad,

I will go to Alice’s home with her after school, and I will have supper and sleep there. Don’t    1  about me. You know that Alice is one of my best friends. If you want to talk with me, you can call 68610598 after 6:00 pm.

Please forgive me for not telling you first. I don’t think you will     2 me to do so if I tell you first.   3  I think teenagers should be allowed to stay at their friends’ houses sometimes. I am sixteen years old and I’m not a little kid any more. I hope I can make decisions for     4  .

At home, there are too many   5  for me to obey(遵守): Don’t stay out so late; don’t have meals before    6  hands; don’t watch TV without finishing homework, etc. Parents should be    7  teenagers, but we need freedom, too.

I don’t like doing my homework    8  at home. I’d love to study with Alice. We can learn a lot from each other.    9   please allow me to stay at Alice’s house once a week. If you    10  , Alice can stay at our house with me, too.                                                  

Yours,Lillian

(   ) 1. A. care    B. hear           C. talk            D. worry  

(   ) 2. A. let B. take           C. allow       D. teach

(   ) 3. A. Unless  B. Or           C. But           D. Even though

(   ) 4. A. himself B. herself        C. yourself        D. myself

(   ) 5. A. idea    B. opinion        C. things       D. rules 

(   ) 6. A. giving  B. washing        C. putting        D. holding

(   ) 7. A. afraid of    B. interested in    C. strict with  D. angry with

(   ) 8. A. along   B. alone          C. lonely       D. own

(   ) 9. A.Or   B. Although       C. So           D. Because

(   ) 10. A. worry  B. think          C. agree       D. make