问题 单项选择题

咳嗽痰热郁肺证,痰的特点是

A.痰中带血、质浊、有腥臭味
B.痰多、色黄、质稠
C.痰白、质稀
D.脓血相兼浊痰、有腥臭味
E.痰少、质粘、夹有血丝

答案

参考答案:B

解析:[考点评析] 1.原发性支气管肺癌发病外因为感受外邪、诸种毒气;内因为正虚脏腑失调。属正虚邪实证。西医认为吸烟、大气污染、职业性因素和理化性致癌因子,病毒、真菌毒素、遗传等因素是原发性支气管肺癌的病因。 2.临床表现:原发肿瘤症状:咳嗽、咯血、喘鸣、胸闷、气短、体重下降、发热;局部扩展:可伴胸痛、呼吸困难、咽下困难、声音嘶哑等;如发生转移则出现相应器官组织的病变表现。 3.常用检查:胸部X线、CT、磁共振、痰脱落细胞检查、纤维支气管镜检查、肿瘤标记物检查等。 4.早期诊断要点: ①40岁以上男性,有长期吸烟史,近期呛咳,持续数周不愈,或反复咯血痰。 ②肺部炎症控制难或反复出现。 ③X线上见局限性肺气肿、肺不张、孤立性圆形病灶、单侧肺门阴影增大。 ④原因不明的四肢关节疼痛及杵状指。 ⑤无中毒症状的胸腔积液,尤其是血性积液。 ⑥肺部原有的孤立圆形病灶增大。如出现以上情况当高度警惕,及早诊断。 5.辨证论治: ①气滞血瘀证:宜行气活血软坚,血府逐瘀汤加减。 ②痰湿毒蕴证:宜清热化痰、祛湿解毒,导痰汤加减。 ③肺脾气虚证:宜益肺健脾,六君子汤加减。 ④肺肾阴虚证:宜滋肾润肺,六味地黄汤合百合固金汤加减。 ⑤气阴两虚证:宜益气养阴,大补元煎加减。 6.西医治疗原则: ①化疗:据病人制定化疗方案。 ②手术切除治疗:对非小细胞肺癌Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期患者为根治途径。 ③放疗:对小细胞肺癌效果较好,其次为鳞癌、腺癌。 ④其他局部疗法。 ⑤生物反应调节剂。7.预防:戒烟,防止空气污染,尤其是致癌物质污染,改善劳动条件,定期查体。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

    Do you always understand the directions (说明) on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what it meant by

"Take only as directed?" Read the following directions and see if you understand them.

    "To reduce pain, take two tables (药片) with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required.

For night-time and early morning relief (缓解疼痛) take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six

tablets in twenty-four hours." For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount (量).

    For children under six years old, ask your doctor's advice.

    Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.

1. How many tablets at most can a person over 12 have in 24 hours?

A. Three

B. Four

C. Six

D. Eight

2. How many tablets should a nine-year-old child normally take in 24 hours?

A. Half a tablet.

B. One tablet.

C. Two tablets.

D. Four tablets.

3. What is the advice for one who can not sleep well after taking the medicine?

A. Stop taking the medicine at bedtime.

B. Continue to take the normal amount.

C. Take more than the normal amount.

D. Take less than the normal amount.

4. It can be inferred from the directions that this medicine ________.

A. helps you to fall asleep quickly

B. may be dangerous to small children

C. can not be taken if one feels sleepy

D. should not be taken by children under six

5. This text is most probably taken from a ________.

A. textbook

B. newsreel (记录片)

C. doctor's notebook

D. bottle of medicine

选择题