问题 解答题

已知函数f(x)=(ax2+x)ex,其中e是自然数的底数,a∈R.

(1)当a<0时,解不等式f(x)>0;

(2)当a=0时,求正整数k的值,使方程f(x)=x+2在[k,k+1]上有解;

(3)若f(x)在[-1,1]上是单调增函数,求a的取值范围.

答案

(1)因为ex>0,所以不等式f(x)>0即为ax2+x>0,

又因为a<0,所以不等式可化为x(x+

1
a
)<0,

所以不等式f(x)>0的解集为(0,-

1
a
).

(2)当a=0时,方程即为xex=x+2,由于ex>0,所以x=0不是方程的解

所以原方程等价于ex-

2
x
-1=0,令h(x)=ex-
2
x
-1

因为h′(x)=ex+

2
x2
>0对于x∈(0,+∞)恒成立,

所以h(x)在(0,+∞)内是单调增函数,

又h(1)=e-3,h(2)=e2-2>0,

所以方程f(x)=x+2有且只有1个实数根,在区间[1,2],

所以正整数k的值为 1.

(3)f′(x)=(2ax+1)ex+(ax2+x)ex=[ax2+(2a+1)x+1]ex

①当a=0时,f′(x)=(x+1)ex,f′(x)≥0在[-1,1]上恒成立,当且仅当x=-1时取等号,故a=0符合要求;

②当a≠0时,令g(x)=ax2+(2a+1)x+1,因为△=(2a+1)2-4a=4a2+1>0,

所以g(x)=0有两个不相等的实数根x1,x2,不妨设x1>x2

因此f(x)有极大值又有极小值.

若a>0,因为g(-1)•g(0)=-a<0,所以f(x)在(-1,1)内有极值点,

故f(x)在[-1,1]上不单调.

若a<0,可知x1>0>x2

因为g(x)的图象开口向下,要使f(x)在[-1,1]上单调,因为g(0)=1>0,

必须满足

g(1)≥0
g(-1)≥0
3a+2≥0
-a≥0
,所以-
2
3
≤a<0

综上可知,a的取值范围是[-

2
3
,0].

阅读理解

阅读理解。

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