问题 综合题

(16分) 回首从19世纪中期到20世纪初近百年的历史,我们可以清晰地看到几条并行前进、交替发展的历史脉络:列强发动一次又一次的侵略战争,把中国推向灾难的深渊;志士仁人一次又一次地奋起,救国救民于苦海……

阅读下列材料,回答问题:

材料一:

(1)上述两幅图反映的是哪两次战争? (2分) 你还知道19世纪列强发动的哪些大规模侵华战争?(举2例)(2分)

材料二:“对于许多未经过帝王之治的青年,辛亥革命的政治意义是常被低估的,这并不足怪,因为他们没有看到推翻几千年因袭下来的专制政体是多么不易的一件事。”

(2) 结合所学知识回答,从1911年10月到1912年春资产阶级革命派为推翻封建专制政体主要进行了哪些重大活动?(3分)

(3)清朝后期,我们国家饱受苦难,历尽沧桑,结合所学知识,简述中国沦为半殖民地半封建社会的过程。(4分)

(4)中国遭受西方列强侵略,中国各阶层奋起反抗,资产阶级领导了辛亥革命。

阅读材料,回答问题。

材料三:中华民国的成立并没有给人们带来预期的民族独立、民主和社会进步。

——胡绳《中 * * 党70年》

材料四:辛亥革命开创了完全意义上的近代民族民主革命……为中国革命的进步打开了闸门,使反动统治秩序再也无法稳定下来。  

——江 * * 在“十五大”的报告

问题:你是如何理解材料三的看法?(2分)根据材料四,你认为辛亥革命为中国新民主主义革命创造了哪些有利条件?(3分)

答案

(1)鸦片战争、八国联军侵华战争(2分)第二次鸦片战争、甲午中日战争(2分)

(2)①1911、10、10发动武昌起义  ② 1912年元旦成立中华民国  ③1912年春颁布《中华民国临时约法》(3分)

(3)鸦片战争后,中国开始沦为半殖民地半封建社会;第二次鸦片战争后,中国半殖民地半封建社会程度加深;甲午中日战争后,中国半殖民地化程度大大加深;八国联军 侵华战争后,中国完全沦为半殖民地半封建社会。(4分)

(4)辛亥革命果实被袁世凯窃取,没有完成反帝反封建的任务,中国半殖民地半封建的社会性质没有改变。(2分)辛亥革命为民族资本主义的发展创造了条件,使无产阶级队伍迅速壮大;推翻了清王朝,结束了中国两千多年的封建君主专制制度;使民主共和的观念深入人心。(3分)

单项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

                                                 Longer Lives for Wild Elephants

    Most people think of zoos as safe places for animals, where struggles such as difficulty finding food and avoiding predators don't exist. Without such problems, animals in zoos should live to a ripe old age.     

     But that may not be true for the largest land animals on Earth. Scientists have known that elephants in

zoos often suffer from poor health. They develop diseases, joint problems and behavior changes.

Sometimes, they even become unable to have babies.

    To learn more about how captivity (监禁) affects elephants, a team of international scientists compared the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands.

Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care, documenting factors such as birth dates,

illnesses, weight and death. These records made it possible for the researchers to analyze 40 years of

data on 800 African and Asian elephants in zoos across Europe. The scientists compared the life spans of

the zoo-born elephants with the life spans of thousands of female wild elephants in Africa and Asian

elephants that work in logging camps (伐木场), over approximately the same time period.

    The team found that female African elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16.9 years. Their wild

counterparts who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years--more than three times as long.

Female Asian elephants followed a similar pattern. In zoos, they lived 18.9 years, while those in the

logging camps lived 41.7 years.    

    Scientists don't yet know why wild elephants seem to live so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts. Georgia Mason, a biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study, thinks stress

and obesity (肥胖) may be to blame. Zoo elephants don't get the same kind of exercise they would in the wild, and most are very fat. Elephant social lives are also much different in zoos than in the wild, where they live in large herds and family groups.

    Another finding from the study showed that Asian elephants born in zoos were more likely to die early

than Asian elephants captured in the wild and brought to zoos. Mason suggests stress in the mothers in

zoos might cause them to have babies that are less likely to survive.

The study raises some questions about acquiring more elephants to keep in zoos. While some threatened

and endangered species living in zoos reproduce successfully and maintain healthy populations, that

doesn't appear to be the case with elephants.

1. According to the first two paragraphs, unlike other zoo animals, zoo elephants _______ .

A. have difficulty eating food.  

B. 1ive to a ripe old age. 

C. are not afraid of predators.  

D. develop health problems.

2. Which of the following about the international scientists' research on the life spans of elephants is

    NOT true? (See paragraph 3)?

A. They compared zoo elephants with wild elephants. 

B. They kept detailed records of all the elephants in their care. 

C. They analyzed the records of the elephants kept in zoos. 

D. The zoo-born elephants they studied are kept in European zoos.

3. What do the scientists find in their research?

A. Female elephants live longer than male elephants. 

B. Female zoo elephants live longer than their wild counterparts. 

C. Female zoo elephants die much earlier than their wild counterparts. 

D. Elephants in zoos and those in the wild enjoy the same long life spans.

4. Which of the following does the author suggest in the last paragraph? 

A. It may not be a wise policy to keep elephants in the zoo. 

B. Elephants are no longer an endangered species. 

C. Zoo-born elephants should be looked after more carefully. 

D. Zoos should keep more animals except elephants.