问题 解答题
已知函数f(x)=ax-2lnx,a∈R
(Ⅰ)求函数f(x)的极值;
(Ⅱ)对于曲线上的不同两点P1(x1,y1),P2(x2,y2),如果存在曲线上的点Q(x0,y0),且x1<x0<x2,使得曲线在点Q处的切线lP1P2,则称l为弦P1P2的伴随切线.当a=2时,已知两点A(1,f(1)),B(e,f(e)),试求弦AB的伴随切线l的方程;
(Ⅲ)设g(x)=
a+2e
x
   (a>0)
,若在[1,e]上至少存在一个x0,使得f(x0)>g(x0)成立,求实数a的取值范围.
答案

(I)f′(x)=a-

2
x
,x>0.

当a≤0时,f'(x)<0,函数f(x)在(0,+∞)内是减函数,∴函数f(x)没有极值.

当a>0时,令f'(x)=0,得x=

2
a

当x变化时,f'(x)与f(x)变化情况如下表:

 x(0,
2
a
)
2
a
(
2
a
,+∞)
f'(x)-0+
f(x)单调递减极小值单调递增
∴当x=
2
a
时,f(x)取得极小值f(
2
a
)=2-2ln
2
a

综上,当a≤0时,f(x)没有极值;

当a>0时,f(x)的极小值为2-2ln

2
a
,没有极小值.

(Ⅱ)当a=2时,设切点Q(x0,y0),则切线l的斜率为f′(x0)=2-

2
x0
x0∈(1,e).

弦AB的斜率为kAB=

f(e)-f(1)
e-1
=
2(e-1)-2(1-0)
e-1
=2-
2
e-1

由已知得,lAB,则2-

2
x0
=2-
2
e-1
,解得x0=e-1,

所以,弦AB的伴随切线l的方程为:y=

2e-4
e-1
x+2-2ln(e-1).

(Ⅲ)本命题等价于f(x)-g(x)>0在[1,e]上有解,

设F(x)=f(x)-g(x)=ax-2lnx-

a+2e
x
,F'(x)=a-
2
x
+
a+2e
x2
=
ax2-2x+a+2e
x2
=
ax2+a+2(e-x)
x2
>0

所以F(x)为增函数,F(x)max=F(e).

依题意需F(e)>0,解得a>

4e
e2-1

所以a的取值范围是(

4e
e2-1
,+∞).

填空题
阅读理解

We’ve reached a strange—some would say unusual—point. While fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vital importance according to a recent report from the World Health Organization (WHO), more people now die from being overweight, or say, from being extremely fat, than from being underweight. It’s the good life that’s more likely to kill us these days.

Worse, nearly l8 million children under the age of five around the world are estimated to be overweight. What’s going on?

We really don’t have many excuses for our weight problems. The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public-health campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting through—up to a point.

In the 1970s, Finland, for example, had the highest rate of heart disease in the world and being overweight was its main cause. Not any more. A public-health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 per cent over the past three decades.

Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland taking diet pills doubled between 2001 and 2005, and doctors even offer surgery of removing fat inside and change the shape of the body. That has become a sort of fashion. No wonder it ranks as the world’s most body-conscious country.

We know what we should be doing to lose weight—but actually doing it is another matter. By far the most popular excuse is not taking enough exercise. More than half of us admit we lack willpower.

Others blame good food. They say: it’s just too inviting and it makes them overeat. Still others lay the blame on the Americans, complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating too much American-style fast food.

Some also blame their parents—their genes. But unfortunately, the parents are wronged because they’re normal in shape, or rather slim.

It’s a similar story around the world, although people are relatively unlikely to have tried to lose weight. Parents are eager to see their kids shape up. Do as I say—not as I do.

小题1:What is the “strange” point mentioned in the first sentence?

A.The good life is a greater risk than the bad life.

B.Starvation is taking more people’s lives in the world.

C.WHO report shows people’s unawareness of food safety.

D.Overweight issue remains unresolved despite WHO’s efforts.小题2:Why does the author think that people have no excuse for being overweight?

A.A lot of effective diet pills are available.

B.Body image has nothing to do with good food.

C.They have been made fully aware of its dangers.

D.There are too many overweight people in the world.小题3:The example of Finland is used to illustrate ______.

A.the cause of heart disease

B.the fashion of body shaping

C.the effectiveness of a campaign

D.the history of a body-conscious country小题4:Which would be the best title for the passage?

A.Actions or Excuses?

B.Overweight or Underweight?

C.WHO in a Dilemma

D.No Longer Dying of Hunger