问题 综合题

鸦片战争后,在欧风美雨的影响下,中国社会发生了深刻变化,阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一  1872——1894,1895——1913年中国境内近代工业统计资料

年代商办外国人办
 设厂数资本(千元)资本所占比重设厂数资本(千元)资本所占比重
1872—18945346879.6%1032800057.3%
1895—19134639080141%13610315346%
 

材料二 鼓吹实行君主立宪和民主共和的刊物

创办时间创办人刊物名称
1898梁启超《时务报》
1898严复《国闻报》
1903章炳麟《苏报》
1905孙中山《民报》
 

材料三  1912——1913年参加国会大选的主要政党

党名发起人在议会中所占席位政治派别
国民党宋教仁392革命派
共和党黎元洪176旧官僚
统一党程德全24旧官僚
民主党汤化龙24立宪派
 

(1)根据材料一,分析图表反映的两种企业在两个时段的发展趋势如何。(4分)简析1872——1894年间中国民族工业发展的原因。(6分)

(2)结合材料二和1895——1913年间民族工业的发展情况,分析它们之间的内在联系。(4分)

(3)结合材料三和所学知识指出,民国初年中国出现了怎样的政治局面?(2分)这种政治局面说明社会发展的主要状况是什么?(4分)

(4)结合以上材料,指出19世纪60年代至20世纪初,中国经济、政治的发展发展方向,(4分)并分析其没有变成现实的原因。(6分)

答案

(1)①a19世纪70—90年代,民族工业数量少、资本少,发展缓慢;进入20世纪初,发展迅速,数量和资本都有较大幅度的攀升。b同期外商企业设厂多、资金雄厚,发展迅速;20世纪初发展趋缓,资本比得有所下降。(4)

②原因:外国资本主义入侵,促进自然经济逐渐瓦解,客观上为民族工业发展准备了条件;外商企业的刺激;洋务运动的诱导。(6)

(2)甲午战争以后,民族危机深重,随着民族资本主义的发展,一方面民族资产阶级投资近代工业,实业救国;另一方面,他们创办报刊,宣传西方民主思想,要求废除封建君主专制制度,建立资产阶级民主制度。(4)

(3)民国初年,各种政治力量都在标榜共和,组建很多政党,出现政党政治活跃的局面。(2)

说明民主共和是大势所趋,民主共和的观念深入人心;也说明旧官僚投机革命,资产阶级革命派无力控制政局。(4)

(4)趋势:经济近代化,政治民主化。(4)

原因:帝国主义的侵略;封建势力的压迫;民族资产阶级的软弱性和妥协性。(6)

本题考查学生从表格中提取有效信息的能力。第(1)题通过表格的数据变化进行对比,首先以时间轴进行比较,也就是以1872——1894,1895——1913两个时间段进行比较;其次,商办和外国商办同期进行比较。从国内外因素入手考虑原因。第(2)题注意思想文化与经济发展的内在联系是相互促进的。第(3)题观察图表,从“党名”和“政治派别”入手,并思考政党林立与社会发展的关系。第(4)题从企业、思想刊物、政党等方面分析经济、政治的发展。从当时中国的社会状况及资产阶级本身分析其失败的原因。

阅读理解

阅读理解

     Have you ever noticed what happens to an idea once you express it ? Just talking about it or writing it

down causes you to make it clear in your own mind. How can you use this to increase your brain power? Start writing.

     By putting thoughts into words, you are telling yourself the logic behind what you think, feel,or only

partly understand. Often,explaining a thought is the process of understanding. In other words, you

increase your brain power by exercising your"explain power".

     Another benefit of writing is that it helps you remember. Many,if not most,highly productive people

are always taking notes. You can try keeping it all in your head,but if you keep a journal (日志)of your

ideas the next time you're working on a big project, you'11 probably have more success. 

     Want to understand a topic? Write a book about it. That's an extreme example, but if you are

learning

something new,write a letter to a friend about it,and you will understand it better. Want to invent

something? Write an explanation of the problem---why you want to solve it,and why it is worth solving,

and you're half-way there.

     Writers don't always write because they clearly understand something beforehand. Often,they write

about something because they want to understand it. You can do the same. Writing will help bring you

to all understanding. Give it a try.

1.What would be the best title for the passage?

A. A Way on How to Write      

B. Increase Your Brain Power Through Writing

C. Brain Power Helps Improve Your Writing

D. How to Start Your Writing

2. According to the passage,writing can help you a lot EXCEPT_________.     

A. to increase your brain power    

B. to improve the ability to remember

C. to develop your interest in study  

D. to strengthen the understanding of a topic

3. If a writer writes something, it means that he or she_________.

A. has understood it very well              

B. needs to understand it better

C. wants to remember it in his or her mind    

D. is testing his or her new ideas

4.The underlined sentence "You're half-way there" in the fourth paragraph means that_________.

A. you are already successful      

B. there is a long way for you to go to reach your goal

C. you are left wondering what to do    

D. you have been on the way to success

多项选择题