问题 综合题

(14分)历史上不同国家和地区的社会经济发展,共同推动了人类文明的进步。某班同学围绕人类社会经济发展模式这一主题展开研究性学习。

探究一 盛世唐朝

“是时,海内富实,米斗之价钱十三。青、齐间斗才三钱。绢一匹,钱二百。道路列肆,具酒食以待行人。店有驿驴,行千里不持尺兵。”

——《新唐书·食货志》

“求珠驾沧海,采玉上荆衡;北买党项马,西擒吐蕃鹦;炎洲布火浣,蜀地锦织成;越婢脂肉滑,奚僮眉眼明;通算衣食费,不计远近程;经游天下遍,却到长安城。”

——元稹《估客乐》

唐朝首都长安是一座约100多万人口的大城市,宽阔的大道纵横交错,大道上时常挤满了波斯人、印度人、犹太人、亚美尼亚人和各种中亚人。

——斯塔夫里阿诺斯《全球通史》

(1)根据材料说明唐朝农耕经济繁盛表现在哪些方面?(2分)

探究二 如图,西方崛起

(2)观察上图两组中外对比图片你有哪些认识?(2分)结合所学,分析鸦片战争后中国传统经济结构发生了怎样的变化?(3分)

探究三 如图,斯大林模式

1913—1937年苏联工业总产值在欧洲和世界的位次

 1913192819321937
世界世界世界欧洲世界欧洲
工业总产值553221
机器制造业442121
拖拉机42121
联合收割机42111
煤炭666332
电力15107432
石油232121
钢铁555432
水泥687543
机床126521
 

(3)运用材料并结合所学,说说斯大林模式对苏联经济的影响。(4分)

探究四 民族复兴

1978年以来,中国改革开放30年所取得的辉煌成就,奏响了中 * * 伟大复兴的序曲。“中国模式”的成功,带来了中国的发展,使世界重新认识了中国。

到2050年,中国很可能成为全球第一大经济体。中国需要一个新的经济奇迹——而且全球经济兴衰可能取决于中国是否能再创奇迹。                             

——美国《时代周刊》

(4)阅读材料,结合所学知识说说十一届三中全会以后,中国的经济体制改革是怎样逐步深入的?(3分)

答案

(1)表现:农业发达,物资充足;南北经济往来频繁,商业贸易蓬勃发展;长安成为闻名中外的大都会。(2分)

(2)认识:工业革命后,西方资本主义工业崛起;中国落后于世界发展潮流。(2分)

变化:①耕与织的分离,纺与织的分离农产品的日益商品化;小农经济开始解体;中国逐渐被卷入资本主义世界市场。②洋务企业的产生。③外国资本主义企业的产生。④中国近代民族资本主义的产生。(3分)

(3)影响:①苏联社会主义建设取得重大成就,形成比较齐全的工业体系,基本实现工业化;工业生产总值跃居欧洲第一,世界第二。②但超越生产力发展水平:优先发展重工业,使农业和轻工业长期落后;人民生活水平提高缓慢;农民生产积极性不高;长期僵化执行计划性指令,阻碍苏联经济的进一步发展。(4分)

(4)农村实行家庭联产承包责任制;城市进行国有企业改革;建立社会主义市场经济体制。(3分)

题目分析:(1)结合材料信息“海内富实,米斗之价钱十三。青、齐间斗才三钱。道路列肆,具酒食以待行人。店有驿驴,行千里不持尺兵。”反映农业、手工业、商业发展。“经游天下遍,却到长安城。”反映贸易发展、频繁。

“唐朝首都长安是一座约100多万人口的大城市,宽阔的大道纵横交错,大道上时常挤满了波斯人、印度人、犹太人、亚美尼亚人和各种中亚人。”反映长安城当时的地位。

(2)两组图片的对比反映的是中国农耕文明和西方工业文明的差异。注意从两个角度分析鸦片战争后中国经济结构的变化:一是自然经济的解体:耕与织的分离,纺与织的分离,农产品的日益商品化;二是近代工商业在中国的兴起和发展;外商企业、洋务企业、民资资本主义企业的相继出现。

(3)结合所学知识一分为二的分析斯大林模式的利弊。利:苏联社会主义建设取得重大成就,形成比较齐全的工业体系,基本实现工业化;工业生产总值跃居欧洲第一,世界第二。弊:优先发展重工业,使农业和轻工业长期落后;人民生活水平提高缓慢;农民生产积极性不高;长期僵化执行计划性指令,阻碍苏联经济的进一步发展。

(4)从三个角度把握中国经济体制改革的进程:农村从人民公社体制到家庭联产承包责任制;城市从单一的公有制经济到扩大企业自主权,实行多种所有制成分并存;经济体制从计划经济体制到市场经济体制。

点评:本题的关键在于运用辩证观点,保证答案的全面性,防止片面性。对有些认识、评论之类的答案,要从正反两方面考虑,切忌全面肯定或全面否定。

阅读理解

I believe in leaving work at five o’clock. In a nation with such a strict work ethic(道德规范) , this is considered strange. Working only 40 hours a week? I just don’t know many people who punch out (打卡下班) at five o’clock anymore.

My father tried to teach me the importance of hard work, long hours and devotion to a career. But then there are the things he taught me unintentionally, like when he arrived home from work for the last time and crawled up the stairs.

My father, a self-employed sales trainer, was that sick, that tired. His body was wracked with liver cancer, and he suffered the effects of a diabetic ulcer(糖尿病). Despite all this, he insisted on traveling a long way to give a lecture. He probably earned a lot of money that day, but he paid the price. He returned to the hospital soon afterwards and was dead within three months, aged just 58.

It’s been 10 years since I saw my father come home that night and since then, I’ve thought a lot about work. I’ve decided something: I will never crawl up the stairs exhausted. As much as I love my job as a newspaper reporter, I will never work myself into the ground, physically or emotionally. Not taking my work home didn’t come easily to me at first. After all, I am my father’s daughter. In college, I was the girl who sat on the library steps each morning, waiting for the doors to open. I even dreamt about schoolwork.

My dad once told me he was unable to just gaze at a sunset; he had to be doing something as he looked at it—writing, reading, playing chess. You could say he was a success: He was a published author, an accomplished musician, fluent in many languages. That’s an impressive list, but the thing is I want to gaze at sunsets. I don’t want to meet a deadline during them or be writing a column at the same time, or glance at them over the top of a book.

This raises the question: If I leave work at five o’ clock to watch the sunset, what are the consequences? Do I risk not reaching the top of my profession? Maybe, because honestly, knocking off after eight hours probably won’t earn me the best promotion. But hey, leaving work at five o’ clock means I eat dinner with my family. I get to hop on my bike and cycle through the streets of my hometown when there is no traffic.

And I get to take in a lot of sunsets. That’s got to be worth something.

小题1:Which of the following about the author’s father is true?

A.He set a good example to his daughter.

B.He tried to force his values on his daughter.

C.He gained much pleasure from his work.

D.He achieved great success at the expense of his health.小题2:What does the author mean by saying “Not taking my work home did not come easily at first” in Paragraph 4?

A.There was so much work to do.

B.All her colleagues took work home.

C.She was educated to be a workaholic.

D.She wanted a promotion in her work.小题3:What’s the author’s attitude toward promotion?

A.She doesn’t care about it at all.

B.She is eager to get promoted

C.She thinks it’s for the ambitious people

D.Getting promoted at all costs is not worthwhile小题4: This text is developed________.

A.by giving examples

B.by making comparisons

C.by describing process

D.by order of time小题5: What does the writer intend to tell us?

A.To praise his father’s diligence

B.To ask us to take time off work to enjoy life

C.To complain about the strict work ethic

D.To stress the importance of hard work

问答题 简答题