问题 解答题

已知函数f(x)=ax+x2-xlna(a>0,a≠1).

(1)求函数f(x)在点(0,f(0))处的切线方程;

(2)求函数f(x)单调增区间;

(3)若存在x1,x2∈[-1,1],使得|f(x1)-f(x2)|≥e-1(e是自然对数的底数),求实数a的取值范围.

答案

(1)∵f(x)=ax+x2-xlna,

∴f′(x)=axlna+2x-lna,

∴f′(0)=0,f(0)=1

即函数f(x)图象在点(0,1)处的切线斜率为0,

∴图象在点(0,f(0))处的切线方程为y=1;(3分)

(2)由于f'(x)=axlna+2x-lna=2x+(ax-1)lna

①当a>1,x∈(0,+∞)时,

∴lna>0,ax-1>0,所以f'(x)>0,

故函数f(x)在(0,+∞)上单调递增;

②当0<a<1,x∈(0,+∞)时,

∴lna<0,ax-1<0,所以f'(x)>0,

故函数f(x)在(0,+∞)上单调递增;

综上,函数f(x)单调增区间(0,+∞);(8分)

(3)因为存在x1,x2∈[-1,1],使得|f(x1)-f(x2)|≥e-1,

所以当x∈[-1,1]时,|(f(x))max-(f(x))min|

=(f(x))max-(f(x))min≥e-1,(12分)

由(2)知,f(x)在[-1,0]上递减,在[0,1]上递增,

所以当x∈[-1,1]时,(f(x))min=f(0)=1,

(f(x))max=max{f(-1),f(1)},

而f(1)-f(-1)=(a+1-lna)-(

1
a
+1+lna)=a-
1
a
-2lna,

记g(t)=t-

1
t
-2lnt(t>0),

因为g′(t)=1+

1
t2
-
2
t
=(
1
t
-1)2≥0(当t=1时取等号),

所以g(t)=t-

1
t
-2lnt在t∈(0,+∞)上单调递增,而g(1)=0,

所以当t>1时,g(t)>0;当0<t<1时,g(t)<0,

也就是当a>1时,f(1)>f(-1);

当0<a<1时,f(1)<f(-1)(14分)

①当a>1时,由f(1)-f(0)≥e-1⇒a-lna≥e-1⇒a≥e,

②当0<a<1时,由f(-1)-f(0)≥e-1⇒

1
a
+lna≥e-1⇒0<a≤
1
e

综上知,所求a的取值范围为a∈(0,

1
e
]∪[e,+∞).(16分)

单项选择题
完形填空
完形填空。
       John lived with his mother in a very big house, and when she     1   , the house became too big    2    him,
so he bought a    3    one in the next street. There was a very nice, old clock in his     4    house, and when the
man came to take his things to the new house, John thought, "I'm not going to let them     5    my beautiful old
clock in their truck. Perhaps they will break it, and then it will be very expensive to repair it." So he     6    and
began to carry it down the road in his arms.
       It was heavy, so he stopped two or three times to have     7   . Then suddenly a small boy came along the
road. He stopped and looked at John for     8     seconds. Then he said to John, "You're a     9   , aren't you?
  10   don't you buy a watch like everyone else?"
( )1. A. worked   
( )2. A. at      
( )3. A. larger   
( )4. A. second   
( )5. A. to carry  
( )6. A. picked it up
( )7. A. a look   
( )8. A. a few    
( )9. A. great     
( )10. A. Where           
B. studied    
B. with       
B. bigger      
B. third     
B. bring    
B. picks it up  
B. a drink    
B. few       
B. fool(傻瓜) 
B. Why                

C. died      
C. about     
C. nicer     
C. first    
C. to take  
C. picks up it 
C. a walk     
C. little    
C. clever     
C. How                

D. played          
D. for             
D. smaller         
D. new            
D. carry          
D. picked up it  
D. a rest          
D. a little       
D. bright             
D. When