问题 问答题

一次,老师把学生们带到一片黄灿灿的麦地边,告诉他们自己在麦地的另一头等待,希望每个学生摘取一个最大的麦穗来见他。 要求是:1.在穿越麦地的时候只能走一次,不能走回头路; 2.选择麦穗只能摘一个,不允许舍弃,再选择摘取。 学生甲走进麦地,很快就发现了一个很大的麦穗,便迫不及待地将它摘了下来。但当他继续前行时,他很快就后悔了,因为和接下来他所看见的麦穗相比,手中的这一个实在太小了,但他也只好带着这个走向麦地的彼端。 学生乙走进麦地,看见有这么多麦穗,他边走边想,一定会遇到一个最大的麦穗,于是他不急于动手。可当他快要走到麦地尽头时,才发现自己已经错过了最好的机会,只好随手摘下还算大的一个去见老师。 学生丙走进了麦地,他先用目光把麦地分成了三大块,然后往里走。在走过第一块时,他看见很多麦穗,便没有立刻去摘,走到中间一块时,他发现这里的麦穗普遍较大,于是就在这儿选择了最大的一个,然后他哼着歌走过了最后一块麦地,虽然也会看见比手中这个更大的麦穗,但他不再后悔,因为他觉得自己已经得到了最大的麦穗。 运用马克思主义哲学原理回答以下问题:(1)分析学生丙与学生甲、学生乙的处理老师要求的方法,指出学生丙为什么肯定“觉得自己已经得到了最大的麦穗”(2)运用唯物辩证法分析怎样才能“摘取一个最大的麦穗”

答案

参考答案:

解析:(1)学生甲和学生乙都不注重从实际出发,没有调查研究,了解事物本质,从而作出错误的决定;学生丙则从了解事物、调查研究事物人手,在全面分析事物本质的前提下,找到了解决问题的正确方法,因而,他能够肯定“自己已经得到了最大的麦穗”。 (2)首先,必须坚持唯物主义实践第一的观点,从了解事物、调查研究事物人手;其次,必须遵循正确的思维路径,以分析和综合、归纳和演绎、历史和逻辑为主正确认识事物的各种表面现象;最后,必须从现象中探求到事物的本质,从而最终解决问题。我们唯有不回避事物最本质的东西,才能把握解决问题的关键,找到解决问题的办法。学生丙在长势最旺盛的中间段摘取麦穗,正是把握住了麦地里麦子生长的规律和本质,才能自信地肯定自己“摘取一个最大的麦穗”。

单项选择题 A3/A4型题
单项选择题


In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A, B, C and D) choices to complete the statement. You must choose the one which you think fits best. Then blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 70 minutes.

Social control refers to social processes, planned or unplanned, by which people are taught, persuaded, or forced to conform to norms. In every society, some punishments or negative sanctions are established for deviant behavior. Without deviant behavior there would not be need for social control and without social control there would not be a way of recognizing the boundary between the acceptable and the unacceptable.
Social control may be either formal or informal. Informal mechanisms include expressions of disapproval by significant others and withholding of positive rewards for disapproved behavior. Most people internalize norms in the course of socialization. This is any group’s most powerful protection against deviance, in that the individual’s own conscience operates as an agent of social control. When informal sanctions fail, formal agents of social control may be called upon. In contemporary society, such formal agents and agencies include psychiatry and other mental health professions; mental hospitals; police and courts of law; prisons; and social welfare agencies. All these formal agents function to limit, correct, and control violation of norms. Conflict theorists would also point out that social control agents and systems tend, in any society, to serve the interests of powerful groups and to enforce the norms most beneficial to those who make the rules and who, therefore, define unacceptable behavior.
Social control, whether formal or informal, has a dual function. First, it punishes the wrongdoer and reaffirms the boundaries of acceptable behavior. Second, and less recognized, it regulates the manner in which deviants are treated.

Informal mechanisms of social control include the following EXCEPT______.

A.a high level of interest in ensuring conformity

B.expression of disapproval by significant others

C.withholding of positive rewards for the deviants

D.people’s internalization of norms in socialization