问题 多项选择题

关于阿片类物质说法不正确的是()

A.阿片受体已知有μ、δ、κ等多型,其中以μ受体与阿片类的镇痛与欣快作用关系最密切

B.β-内啡肽、脑啡肽、强啡肽属于内源性阿片肽

C.海洛因以非脂溶性形式存在于血液中,不易透过血脑屏障

D.美沙酮替代治疗应根据病人的躯体反应逐渐加量,原则是只加不减

E.海洛因戒断的主观症状包括肌肉疼痛、骨头疼痛、腹痛等

答案

参考答案:C, D

解析:阿片类制剂以非脂溶性形式存在于血液中,这种形式的药物相当难以透过血脑屏障。但当吗啡被乙酰化成为海洛因后,则较易透过血脑屏障,这也许能解释为什么静脉注射海洛因所体验到的瞬间快感比注射吗啡更为强烈这一现象;海洛因典型的戒断症状可分为两大类:客观体征,如血压升高、脉搏增加、体温升高、鸡皮疙瘩、瞳孔扩大、流涕、震颤、腹泻、呕吐、失眠等;主观症状,如恶心、肌肉疼痛、骨头疼痛、腹痛、不安、食欲差、无力、疲乏、喷嚏、发冷、发热、渴求药物等;美沙酮替代治疗的首日剂量一般为30~60mg,然后根据病人的躯体反应逐渐减量,原则是只减不加,先快后慢、限时减完。

阅读理解

The first time I saw Carlos I would never have believed he was going to change my life. I had my arms full of books and I was tearing into the classroom when 1 ran into something solid. It was Carlos.

“My God, you’re tall,” he said.

Of course, the class began to laugh. Angry. I walked to my seat without a word.

I glanced back to see if Reed Harrington was laughing with the rest. That would be the last straw. But Reed was studying chemistry and did not seem to be aware of anything else. I didn’t know why I considered Reed my friend. Maybe just because he was a good two inches taller than I. Anyway, every time I blew out my birthday candles and made a wish, it was for a date with Reed Harrington.

“Take that seat,” Mr. McCarthy told the cocky newcomer Carlos,pointing to the only empty one,in the back of the room.

Carlos grinned,“But I need a couple of dictionaries.”Again the class laughed, but now they were laughing with Carlos,not at him. He had been here only 10 minutes and already he had them on his side.

It was the school elections that made me think of Carlos again. Reed Harrington was voted president and Carlos vice-president. “How come?”I kept asking myself,“How come this shrimp who’s only been in town for a little over a month gets to be so popular?”

So that morning,I stopped Carlos and said,“It doesn’t seem to bother you — being short.”He looked up at me , “Of course I mind being short. But there isn’t anything I can do about it. When I realized I was going to have to spend my life in this undersized skin,I just decided to make the best of it and concentrate on being myself.” “You seem to get along great,”I admitted, “But what about me? Nobody wants to date a girl taller than he is.” “The trouble with you is you’re afraid to be yourself. You’re smart. And you could be pretty. In fact, you might be more than pretty.” I felt myself turning red…

56.The author was angry because ________.

A.the class made fun of her                                                B.Carlos was too rude to her

C.she had to carry many books                                          D.Reed Harrington didn’t date her

57.Which of the following about Carlos is NOT TRUE?

A.He was popular.                                                                 B.He was new in the school.

C.He was shorter than the author.                                   D.He was chosen president in the school elections.

58.We can infer from the passage that ________.

A.Carlos and the author have become good friends

B.the author will be more confident

C.Carlos always encouraged the author

D.the author was tall

59.What’s the best title of the passage?

A.How to be popular                                                             B.A tall girl

C.Be yourself                                                                          D.Something about Carlos

名词解释