问题 问答题

某学校化学兴趣小组在探究质量守恒定律并着重进行后续实验,请你参与其中.

(1)他们把一定量的铁粉放入一定量的硫酸铜溶液中,发现反应前后物质的总质量不变.请你用原子的观点帮他们分析原因:______.

(2)他们把反应后的物质进行过滤,得到滤渣和滤液①,把滤渣洗涤,干燥,称量,发现滤渣质量比加入的铁粉质量大,请你帮他们分析原因:______.

(3)他们想继续探究铁粉是否完全反应,并回收纯净、干燥的铜和硫酸亚铁晶体,请你帮他们填写:

操作步骤实验结论或目的
①:在(2)得到的滤渣中滴入___________(填溶液名称),发现有气泡产生.实验结论:______________
②:逐滴滴入该溶液到不再产生气泡为止,过滤.实验目的:______________
③:用清水把②得到的滤渣洗涤.实验目的:______________
④:干燥滤渣.实验目的:回收纯净、干燥的铜
⑤:把滤液①、步骤②的滤液、步骤③的洗涤液合在一起进行_________.实验目的:回收硫酸亚铁晶体

答案

(1)在化学反应前后原子的种类没有改变,原子的数目没有增减,原子的质量没有变化,所以反应前后物质的总质量不变;

(2)铁与硫酸铜反应生成硫酸亚铁和铜,属于置换反应,即铁被铜所替代,铁的相对原子质量为56,铜的相对原子质量为64,所以滤渣质量增加了;

(3)①由于本实验探究铁粉是否完全反应,并回收纯净、干燥的铜和硫酸亚铁晶体,向滤渣中加入硫酸,如果有气泡说明滤渣中有没反应的铁,铁与硫酸继续反应生成硫酸亚铁,还能回收利用;②把过量的铁粉全部变为硫酸亚铁,并通过过滤,使铜与硫酸亚铁溶液分离.③用清水洗是洗掉铜粉上附着的硫酸亚铁溶液,得到纯净的铜;⑤硫酸亚铁溶液得到硫酸亚铁是通过蒸发,使水分被除去了就可以得到纯净的硫酸亚铁晶体了.

故答案为:(1)反应前后原子的种类、数目、质量都没有改变.

(2)生成铜的质量比参加反应的铁的质量多.

(3)①稀硫酸;铁粉没有完全反应

②除去过量的铁粉;使铜与硫酸亚铁溶液分离.

③洗掉铜粉上附着的硫酸亚铁溶液.

⑤蒸发结晶

完形填空
Shaking It Off

One day, a farmer’s donkey fell into a dry well(井). The poor animal cried for hours before his       finally found him. The farmer tried hard to pull him out from the well but failed. He felt       for the donkey but after carefully thinking about the situation, he       that he would save neither the donkey nor the well. Since the donkey was too       and it was not worth(值得) the trouble of saving. So he invited his neighbors to help him bury(埋葬) the old donkey in the __   so that it would make him end his pain.
     many people coming to help, the old donkey was excited at first. As they began to scoop the dirt into the well with shovels(铲子), he soon       what was happening. He felt upset and cried sadly again. As the farmer and his neighbors continued throwing the dirt on his      , he suddenly had a good idea. Some time later, when the farmer finally looked down into the well, he was surprised at what he saw:     the dirt landed on his back, he would shake it off and take a step up!
Soon, everyone was amazed when the donkey stepped       over the edge of the well and ran away quickly! It seemed that it would       him at first, but it actually helped him later because of the manner in which he faced his adversity(逆境).
That is life! Just like the donkey, life is going to throw dirt on us, all kinds of dirt.     we face our problems in an active way, and refuse to       to any trouble, each dirt is like a stepping stone with which we get out of the deepest wells. This is a key       one of the secrets of life.     stop and never give up. Success is just in its way.
小题1:
A.neighborB.ownerC.relativeD.kid
小题2:
A.sorryB.luckyC.dangerousD.worried
小题3:
A.complainedB.decidedC.agreedD.meant
小题4:
A.strongB.tallC.oldD.poor
小题5:
A.waterB.holeC.wellD.house
小题6:
A.HeardB.HearingC.To hearD.Hears
小题7:
A.realizedB.rememberedC.discoveredD.found
小题8:
A.legB.stomachC.tailD.back
小题9:
A.any timeB.every timeC.one timeD.some time
小题10:
A.angrilyB.heavilyC.proudlyD.sadly
小题11:
A.saveB.botherC.fillD.bury
小题12:
A.as soon asB.as long asC.as far asD.as well as
小题13:
A.give upB.give outC.give inD.give off
小题14:
A.toB.ofC.onD.from
小题15:
A.AlwaysB.NeverC.SometimesD.Hardly
单项选择题