问题 阅读理解与欣赏

大运河保护迫在眉睫   

  长达一千多公里的京杭大运河,与绵延的万里长城,作为举世闻名的古代中国人创造的伟大工程,都是华夏民族的历史丰碑和永远的骄傲。长城早已被列为全国重点文物保护单位,并跻身于《世界文化遗产名录》,而大运河的文物保护问题至今尚未得到应有的重视。  

  大运河在广开海运之前是我国古代的一条重要交通命脉,开凿运河是为了最大限度地进行沟通交流。大运河在开凿过程中利用了春秋时代吴王夫差开通的邗沟,在隋炀帝时最终完成,唐宋繁盛一时,元代截弯取直,明清屡加疏通。在漫长的历史时期,大运河一直是一条南粮北运、商旅交通、水利灌溉的生命线。

  大运河涉及黄河与长江这两个古代文化、文明的核心地区,连接着燕文化、齐鲁文化、吴越文化等中国历史上重要的文化区域,其沿岸是古代中国人口集中、文化遗址密集的地区。各个时代,大运河贯穿之地都留下了丰富的文物古迹,被誉为“古代文化长廊”,其文物价值与意义非同寻常。不仅如此,大运河在开凿的长度、年代上还创下了傲视环宇的纪录,特别是沿岸几十座城市有着独特的人文景观和民俗风韵,保存了极具特色的内河文化。

  但是,作为华夏先民智慧与创造力结晶的大运河,至今未被列入全国重点文物保护单位,也没有一部专门的法律法规来肯定和保障它的历史地位。

  大运河的保护现状确实令人忧虑。除千百年来河堤决口、泥沙淤塞、水量匮乏等自然原因外,更有乱开支渠、截流用水、管理不善等人为因素。由于不少河段利用了天然湖泊和自然河流,很多人认识不到大运河也是文化遗产或文物古迹;而出于局部利益考虑随意改拆遗存的现象时有发生,分省分段的管理体制也使大运河的保护无法形成综合性的全盘规划。

  大运河虽然历尽沧桑,却衰而未亡,江南河段仍然泽被今人;已开工的南水北调工程也涉及到大运河的保护、管理和利用。因此,亟需通过文物调查与文物保护研究,提交完整的大运河总体调研与保护报告。

  作为中国古代文明的重要载体和人类历史上伟大的水利工程之一,大运河及其沿岸相关古迹不仅应在南水北调工程中得到有效保护,而且也应作为一个整体来申报世界文化遗产。

1.从原文看,下列关于大运河保护迫在眉睫原因的说明,错误的一项是[ ]

A.河堤决口,泥沙淤塞,部分河段缺水,大运河已经是衰败不堪。

B.乱开支渠,截流用水,管理不善,大运河的保护现状令人忧虑。

C.出于局部利益的考虑,大运河沿岸的文物古迹常被随意改拆。

D.分省分段的管理,使大运河的总体调研与保护报告无法提交。

2.下列表述,不符合原文意思的一项是 [ ]

A.大运河实际上是连结中国古代几个重要文化区域的桥梁和纽带。

B.从开凿时间和规模上看,大运河是世界同类工程所无法企及的。

C.部分河段借用天然湖泊和河流,影响到大运河的文化遗产地位。

D.大运河的文物价值至今没有得到专门的法律法规的肯定和保护。

3.依据原文提供的信息,下列推断正确的一项是 [ ]

A.大运河申报世界文化遗产,将有利于提升沿岸文物古迹的文化价值,传扬其“古代文化长廊”的美誉。

B.申报世界文化遗产成功后,大运河将更有利于沟通交流,昔日南粮北运、商旅交通的胜景将得以恢复。

C.南水北调工程的实施将有利于大运河沿岸文物古迹的保护,从而加速大运河申报世界文化遗产的进程。

D.申报成为世界文化遗产以后,历史上极具内河文化特色的大运河将会呈现出新的人文景观和民俗风韵。

答案

1.D

2.C

3.A

阅读理解
A. One Kind of Building Material
B. Factors That Influenced Modern Architecture
C. More Kinds of Buildings as a Result of Modern Life
D. The Achievements in Architecture as an Art
E. Restoration (复兴) of Ancient Civilization
F. Stone and Marble Are Good Building Materials
1.                         
     Architecture is to building as literature to the printed word.The best buildings are often so well
constructed that they outlast their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as
documents of the history of cultures. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals.
Architecture is a social art.
2.                        
     The Renaissance brought about an entirely new age, not only in philosophy and literature but in the
visual arts as well.In architecture, the principles and styles of ancient Greece and Rome were brought
back to life and reinterpreted (重新诠释). They remain dominant until the 20th century.
3.                                
     Many kinds of stone are used as building materials. Stone and marble were chosen for important
monuments because they are not burnable and can be expected to endure.Stone architecture was often
blended with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined, however, because a number of other materials
are more adaptable to industrial use.
4.                          
     The complexity of modern life calls for a variety of building. More people live in mass housing and go to work in large office buildings; they spend their income in large shopping centers, send their children to
many different kinds of schools, and when they are sick they go to specialized hospitals and clinics. All
these different types of building accumulated experiences needed by their designers.
5.                         
     By the middle of the 20th century, modern architecture, which was influenced by new technology and
mass production, was dealing with increasingly complex social needs. Important characteristics of modern
architectural works are expanses of glass and the use of reinforced concrete (钢筋混凝土). Advances in
elevator technology, air conditioning, and electric lighting have all had important effects.
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