问题 问答题 简答题

何谓水锤?有何危害?如何防止?

答案

参考答案:

在压力管路中,由于液体流速的急剧变化,从而造成管中的液体压力显著、反复、迅速地变化,对管道有一种“锤击”的特征,这种现象称为水锤(或叫水击)。

水锤有正水锤和负水锤之分,它们的危害有:

正水锤时,管道中的压力升高,可以超过管中正常压力的几十倍至几百倍,以致管壁产生很大的应力,而压力的反复变化将引起管道和设备的振动,管道的应力交变变化,将造成管道、管件和设备的损坏。负水锤时,管道中的压力降低,也会引起管道和设备振动。应力交递变化,对设备有不利的影响,同时负水锤时,如压力降得过低可能使管中产生不利的真空,在外界压力的作用下,会将管道挤扁。

为了防止水锤现象的出现,可采取增加阀门起闭时间,尽量缩短管道的长度,在管道上装设安全阀门或空气室,以限制压力突然升高的数值或压力降得太低的数值。

单项选择题
单项选择题

A narrowing of your work interests is implied in almost any transition from a study environment to managerial or professional work. In the humanities and social sciences you will at best reuse only a fraction of the material (1) in three or four years’ study. In most career paths academic knowledge only (2) a background to much more applied decision-making. Even with a " training " form of degree, (3) a few of the procedures or methods (4) in your studies are likely to be continuously relevant in your work. Partly this (5) the greater specialization of most work tasks compared (6) studying. Many graduates are not (7) with the variety involved in (8) from degree study in at least four or five subjects a year to very standardized job (9) . Academic work values (10) inventiveness, originality, and the cultivation of self-realization and self-development. Emphasis is placed (11) generating new ideas and knowledge, assembling (12) information to make a " rational " decision, appreciating basic (13) and theories, and getting involved in fundamental controversies and debates. The humanistic values of higher (14) encourages the feeling of being (15) in a process with a self-developmental rhythm. (16) , even if your employers pursue enlightened personnel development (17) and invest heavily in " human capital " —for example, by rotating graduate trainees to (18) their work experiences—you are still likely to notice and feel (19) about some major restrictions of your (20) and activities compared with a study environment.

2()

A.admits

B.equips

C.states

D.forms