问题
解答题
设g(x)=px-
(Ⅰ)若g(x)在其定义域内为增函数,求实数p的取值范围; (Ⅱ)证明:f(x)≤x-1; (Ⅲ)证明:
|
答案
(Ⅰ)∵g(x)=px-
-2lnx(x>0),p x
∴g′(x)=p+
-p x2
=2 x
.(1分)px2-2x+p x2
令h(x)=px2-2x+p,要使g(x)在(0,+∞)为增函数,
只需h(x)在(0,+∞)上满足:h(x)≥0恒成立,
即px2-2x+p≥0.即 p≥
在(0,+∞)上恒成立.2x x2+1
又∵0<
=2x x2+1
≤2 x+ 1 x
=1(x>0),(4分)2 2 x• 1 x
∴p≥1.(5分)
(Ⅱ)证明:要证lnx≤x-1,
即证lnx-x+1≤0(x>0),
设k(x)=lnx-x+1,则k′(x)=
-1=1 x
.(6分)1-x x
当x∈(0,1]时,k'(x)>0,∴k(x)为单调递增函数;
当x∈(1,+∞)时,k'(x)<0,∴k(x)为单调递减函数;
∴k(x)max=k(1)=0.(9分)
即lnx-x+1≤0,∴lnx≤x-1.(10分)
(Ⅲ)由(Ⅱ)知lnx≤x-1,又x>0,
∴
≤lnx x
=1-x-1 x
.1 x
∵n∈N*,n≥2,可令x=n2,得
≤1-lnn2 n2
.(12分)1 n2
∴
≤lnn n2
(1-1 2
).1 n2
∴
+ln2 22
++ln3 32
≤lnn n2
(1-1 2
+1-1 22
++1-1 32
)=1 n2
[(n-1)-(1 2
+1 22
++1 32
)]<1 n2
[(n-1)-(1 2
+1 2×3
++1 3×4
)]1 n(n+1)
=
[(n-1)-(1 2
-1 2
+1 3
-1 3
++1 4
-1 n
)]1 n+1
=
[n-1-(1 2
-1 2
)]=1 n+1
.(14分)2n2-n-1 4(n+1)