问题 解答题

已知函数f(x)=ax+lnx

(1)试讨论f(x)的极值

(2)设g(x)=x2-2x+2,若对∀x1∈(0,+∞),∃x2∈[0,1],使得f(x1)<g(x2),求实数a的取值范围.

答案

(1)函数f(x)的定义域为(0,+∞),f′(x)=a+

1
x
=
ax+1
x

当a≥0时f'(x)>0,所以f(x)在(0,+∞)上为增函数,此时函数不存在极值.

当a<0时,由f'(x)>0,解得0<x<-

1
a
,此时函数递增.由f'(x)<0,解得x>-
1
a
此时函数递减.此时函数在x=-
1
a
处取得极小值.无极大值.

综上所述:当a≥0时,函数不存在极值.

当a<0时,函数在x=-

1
a
处取得极小值.无极大值.

(2)对∀x1∈(0,+∞),∃x2∈[0,1],使得f(x1)<g(x2),恒成立

由(1)知当a≥0时,f(x1)在(0,+∞)上为增函数,f(x1)无最大值;

当a<0时,f(x1)max⁡=f(-

1
a
)=-1+ln⁡(-
1
a
)=-1-ln⁡(-a)

又g(x2)=x22-2x2+2在x2∈[0,1]上单调递减,所以g(x2max⁡=g(0)=2.

所以

a<0
-1-ln(-a)<2
,解得a<-e-3

所以,实数a的取值范围是(-∞,-e-3).

阅读理解

阅读理解。

      A man came back home from work late, tired, to find his six-year-old son waiting for him at the door.

     "Daddy, how much money do you make an hour?"

     "If you want to know, I make $20 an hour."

     "Oh," the little boy replied, with his head down. He thought for a moment, looked up and said, "Daddy,

could you lend me $10?"

      The father was furious, "If you asked for money to buy a toy or some other rubbish, then go straight to

your room and think why you are being so selfish (自私的)!"

      The little boy quietly went to his room and shut the door. After about an hour or so, the father calmed

down, and started to think,"Maybe he really needs to buy something and he didn't ask for money very often."

So he went to the little boy's room.

      "Sorry! Maybe I was too hard on you just now," said the man."Here's $10."

      "Oh, thank you, Daddy!" the boy said gladly. Then, the boy took out some coins. When the father found

that the boy already had some money, he got angry again.

     "Why do you want more money since you already have some?" the father shouted angrily.

     "Because I didn't have enough, but now I do," the little boy replied, "Daddy, I have $20 now. Can I buy

an hour of your time? Please come home early tomorrow. I would like to have dinner with you."

1. How much does the boy's father make an hour?

A. $10

B. $20

C. $30

D. $40

2. In this passage, the underlined word "furious" means _________.

A. very angry

B. quite happy

C. too excited

D. a little nervous

3. At first, the father refused to give the boy any money because _________.

A. he thought the boy wanted to keep the money for himself

B. he did not have enough money at that moment

C. he thought the boy would buy something of no use

D. the boy always borrowed money from him

4. The boy wanted to buy ________ with twenty dollars.

A. a new book for himself

B. a nice present for his father

C. a toy for his own birthday

D. an hour of his father's time

5. From this passage, we can infer (推断) that the boy's father ________.

A. often played with his son

B. spent little time with his son

C. didn't love his son at all

D. often came back home early

选择题