问题 阅读理解与欣赏

读书三境界

  ①读书有三境界:“吞”“啃”“品”。

  ②“吞”乃生吞活剥,囫囵吞枣——是充满饥饿感的发奋的青春初潮的标志。虽然广收博采难免盲目,进食过速导致腹胀--但这个过程毕竟是日后学富五车、满腹经纶的必不可少的前奏。古今中外有许多人都是进入中年后凭“反刍”青春岁月里的泛读而成名成家的。“吞”虽为知识积累的必经之途,但毕竟是读的低级阶段。

  ③“啃”乃咀嚼消化,强行吸收--是志存高远的人生必经的头昏脑涨、寝食不安的砥砺智慧的夜路。咬烂磨碎骨头,获取钙质,这当然谈不上享受——但却是峥嵘人生必须付出的艰辛。“为伊消得人憔悴”是任何一位学有所成的人都不能蠲(juan)免的里程。“啃”是在“吞”之基础上的知性提高——这是将死的知识化为活的血肉的过程。

  ④“品”乃焚香沐浴,如饮醍醐(tihu 比喻灌输智慧,使人彻底醒悟)——是成熟聪颖的心灵与星空的娓娓絮语。月下折枝,花前怜玉,豁然贯通的人生不胜惋惜地告别了青春光阴--庄严地踏上了奉献岁月。浮躁尽除,功利淡化,读书成了颐养灵性的乐事--“默然回首”,天机消溶于慧心。“品”是在“啃”之基础上悟性升华——这是进入人生创造之园的门票。

  ⑤读书人多如牛毛,但大多数都停留在第一境界,仅少数不甘人生庸碌者可进入第二境界。进入第三境界,非志强智达者不能。但能进入第三境界者,必是成功地穿越了第一与第二境界的人。“吞”至其博,“啃”至其深,“品”至其灵性--若无博与深,则灵性无其根本。

  ⑥举凡大家鸿儒,书读到“品”的份上后,往往将“吞”“啃”“品”三字当成进一步治学的相济并用的三种方法:“吞”文字,“啃”新意,“品”韵致。或者是:泛读的“吞”之,精读的“啃”之,需细细体悟的则“品”之。

  ⑦对一般的读书人而言,不谈三境界,如能将“吞”“啃”“品”三宇当作对待不同读物的不同阅读方法:用于消遣的书“吞”,有用的书“啃”,启心益智的书不妨“品”——那么,人生同样会受益无穷。

1.作者认为读书三境界“吞”、“啃”、“品”的具体含义是:

  “吞”:_______________________________________________

  “啃”:_______________________________________________

  “品”:_______________________________________________

2.作者认为“吞”“啃”“晶”三种读书境界之间是怎样的关系?

 ________________________________________________________________________________

3.你在读中外名著时,采用的是什么读书方法?有什么收获?请略举一例加以说明。

 ________________________________________________________________________________

4.对本文分析理解不正确的一项是[ ]

A. 文章列举了大量的具体的事实,阐述了读书三境界的观点。

B. 本文阐释了“吞书”、“啃书”、“品书”的内涵和三种境界对不同的读书人的意义。

C.作者善于取譬说理,说理透彻,深入浅出,使读者心悦诚服。

D. 本文在阐释道理时态度平和,言辞中肯,使人易于接受。

答案

1.“吞”:泛读或博读(生吞活剥,囫囵吞枣)

“啃”:精读(咀嚼消化,强行吸收)

“品”:体悟( 焚香沐浴,如饮醍醐 )(可从文中找答案,也可自己概括。)

2.层递( 层进、递进 )关系;“吞”是知识积累的必经之途,“啃”是在“吞”之基础上的知性提高,“品”是在“啃”之基础上的悟性升华;“乔”至其博,“啃”至其深,“品”至其灵性——若无博与深,则灵性无其根本。(意思相符即可)

3.“略”。(开放题,答案符合题意即可。)

4.A

单项选择题
单项选择题

What’s your earliest childhood memory Can you remember learning to walk Or talk The first time you heard thunder or watched a television program Adults seldom (1) events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, (2) children younger than three or four (3) retain any specific, personal experiences.

A variety of explanations have been (4) by psychologists for this "childhood amnesia". One argues that the hippo-campus; the region of the brain which is (5) for forming memories, does not mature until about the age of two. But the most popular theory (6) that, since adults don’t think like children, they cannot (7) childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or (8) one event follows (9) as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental (10) for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don’t find any that fit the (11) . It’s like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary.

Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new (12) for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply aren’t any early childhood memories to (13) . According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone else’s spoken description of their personal (14) in order to turn their own short-term, quickly forgotten (15) of them into long-term memories. In other (16) , children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about (17) --Mother talking about the afternoon (18) looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Oceanz Park. Without this (19) reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form (20) memories of their personal experiences.

Notes: childhood amnesia 儿童失忆症。

(13)()

A.recall

B.remember

C.reflect

D.respond