问题 解答题
已知f(x)=ln(ax+b)-x,其中a>0,b>0
(1)求f(x)在[0,+∝)上是减函数的充要条件;
(2)求f(x)在[0,+∝)上的最大值;
(3)解不等式in(1+
x-
1
x
)-
x-
1
x
≤ln2-1.
答案

(1)f'(x)=

a
ax+b
-1=
a-b-ax
ax+b

充分性:因为x≥0,a>0,b>0所以,当f'(x)≤0时,a-b≤0,即a≤b

必要性:当a≤b时,因为a>0,b>0,x≥0,所以ax+b>0,a-b-ax≤0,即f'(x)≤0

所以f(x)在[0,+∝)上是减函数的充要条件是“a≤b”

(2)由(1)知当a≤b时f(x)在[0,+∝)上是减函数

∴f(x)的最大值为f(0)=lnb

当b<a时,因为f'(x)=

a-b-ax
ax+b

∴当0≤x<

a-b
a
时,f'(x)>0;当x>
a-b
a
时,f'(x)<0

即f(x)在[0,

a-b
a
]是增函数,f(x)在[
a-b
a
,+∞]是减函数

则当x=

a-b
a
时取得最大值为lna-
a-b
a

综上,[f(x)max]=

lnb   b≥a
lna-
a-b
a
b<a

(3)在(1)中取a=b=1,得f(x)=ln(x+1)-x

由(1)知f(x)在[0,+∝)上是减函数

∵ln(1+

x-
1
x
)-
x-
1
x
≤ln2-1即f(
x-
1
x
)≤f(1)

x-
1
x
≥1解得
1-
5
2
≤x<0或x≥
1+
5
2

∴不等式的解集为[

1-
5
2
,0)∪[
1+
5
2
,+∞

阅读理解
阅读理解。
     把A-D四个句子填入文中空缺(1-4),使短文内容完整、正确,然后完成第5小题。
     Mona has an interesting hobby. She collects stamps. She spends a lot of time on her stamp collection
after school hours.      1      They are all in color.
     Mona likes stamps with pictures of animals and birds on them.      2     She also borrows books on
animals and birds from her school library. She learns many things about them.
     Sometimes Mona has many stamps of the same kind. She gives them to her classmates.    3       
     Mona writes to her friends in many countries.     4     In return,they send her stamps of their countries.  
     Mona’s father also gives her stamps. He brings them home from his office for her and he often enjoys
the stamps with her. But Mona’s mother never gives her stamps because she thinks spending too much time on it is bad for study.
     Many of Mona’s friends collect other things. Some collect coins and others collect matchboxes(火柴盒). But, all of them say that Mona’s collection is the most interesting of all.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
A. They give her other stamps in return.
B. She has collected hundreds of stamps from all over the world.
C. She sends them stamps of her country.
D. In this way, she learns the names of many animals and birds.
5.Which of the following sentences is NOT true?
A. Mona spends much time on her hobby when she is free.
B. From the passage, we know Mona likes animals and birds.
C. Mona gets stamps from her classmates, friends and her parent.
D. Of all the collections, stamps are the most popular.
单项选择题