问题 填空题

(16分)肼(N2H4)又称联氨,是一种可燃性液体,与氧气或氮氧化物反应均可生成氮气和水。氢气是一种清洁能源,液氢和肼均可用作火箭燃料。

Ⅰ氢气的制取与储存是氢能源利用领域的研究热点。

已知:(g)+ (g)=(g)+(g)     = +

(g)+ (g)=(g)+(g)= +

(1)氢气作为新能源的优点                             。(答2点)

(2)以甲烷为原料制取氢气是工业上常用的制氢方法。(g)与(g)反应生成(g)和(g)的热化学方程式为                           

(3)HO的热分解也可得到H,高温下水分解体系中主要气体的体积分数与温度的关系如图所示。图中A、B表示的物质依次是               、             

Ⅱ(4)肼一空气燃料电池是一种碱性燃料电池,电解质溶液是20%—30%的KOH溶液。该电池放电时,负极的电极反应式是                                          

(5)下图是一个电化学装置示意图。用肼一空气燃料电池做此装置的电源。

①如果A是铂电极,B是石墨电极,C是硫酸—硫酸铵,阴极的电极反应式是                                       

②利用该装置可制得少量过氧化氢:在阳极上SO42—被氧化成S2O82—(过二硫酸根离子),S2O82—与H2O反应生成H2O2,S2O82—+2H2O=2SO42—+H2O2+2H+。若要制取2molH2O2,该燃料电池理论上需消耗        molN2H4

(6)由A、B、C、D四种金属按下表中装置进行实验。

①装置丙中溶液的P H                    。(填“变大”“变小”或“不变”)

②四种金属活泼性由弱到强的顺序是                

答案

(1)无污染, 资源丰富、热值高等 ( 各1分)

(2) CH4(g)+2H2O(g)=CO2(g)+4H2(g) ΔH=+165KJ.mol-1 

(3)氢原子、氧原子(各1分)(4) N2H4-4e-+4OH-=N2+4H2O  

(5)①  2H++2e-=H2 ↑②  1 (6)①  变大  ②  CBAD (每空2分)

(1)考查氢气作为能源的特点。根据氢气的燃烧热和氢气的来源可知,氢气作为新能源的优点生成物是水没有污染,资源丰富,热值高等。

(2)考查盖斯定律的应用,根据反应①(g)+ (g)=(g)+(g)和反应②(g)+ (g)=(g)+(g)可知,①×2-②即得到CH4(g)+2H2O(g)=CO2(g)+4H2(g),所以反应的反应热是+×2-+165KJ.mol-1,即热化学方程式为

CH4(g)+2H2O(g)=CO2(g)+4H2(g) ΔH=+165KJ.mol-1

(3)水分解的化学方程式为2H2O2H2+O2,即氢气的和氧气的体积之比是2︰1,所以根据图像可判断,A表示的是氢原子,B表示的是氧原子。

(4)原电池中负极是失去电子的,所以肼在负极发生氧化反应,电解质是碱性溶液,所以电极反应式为N2H4-4e-+4OH-=N2+4H2O。

(5)电解池中阴极是得到电子的,发生还原反应,B电极和电源的负极相连,所以B是阴极,溶液中中氢离子放电,电极反应式为2H++2e-=H2↑;根据反应式可知要制取2molH2O2,则消耗2mol S2O82—。S2O82—中氧的化合价是-7/4价,SO42—中氧的化合价是-2价,所以生成2mol S2O82—失去的电子是(2-7/4)×8×2=4mol。1mol肼失去4mol电子,根据得失电子守恒可知,消耗肼的物质的量是1mol。

(6)丙是原电池,A极产生氢气,所以A是正极,D负极,所以丙中pH变大。甲中A不断溶解,说明A是负极,B是正极。乙中C极质量增加,所以C是正极,B是负极,所以四种金属活泼性由弱到强的顺序是CBAD

阅读理解

A newspaper reporter’s job can be very interesting. He meets all types of people and lives quite a busy life. He is on the rush for news all the time, then after several years he may get a desk job, and life becomes a bit more settled. Let’s look at his work a little more closely. In a day he may have to interview the prime minister of a foreign country, and the next day he may be writing about a football match. Sometimes he may be so busy that he has hardly any time to sleep. And at other times he may go on for days looking out for news materials yet return empty-handed.

  In the beginning, a reporter has to cover a very wide field. After the early years he becomes more specialized in his work. For example, he may finally be asked to write only on court cases or politics or sports. Some reporters may become so specialized that they are asked only to write on a special thing: horse racing, for example. In most newspaper houses there is at least one special racing correspondent. Some newspapers have book reviews. Their job is delightful. They read the latest book and then write reviews on the ones they like. Then there are those who write on films, so they get to see them even before they are shown in the cinema. How lucky, you would say!

  A reporter’s job can also be very dangerous. A number of them have died rushing from one assignment to another, and if there is a flood or a riot(暴乱) they may get hurt or even be killed. Three years ago there was a reporter whose camera was smashed by a group of men, because they were angry with him for taking their picture. Dangerous or not, one thing is certain, and that is, their job is never dull!

小题1:What does the underlined phrase “on the rush” mean in the passage?

A.on the beach

B.on the spot

C.in a hurry

D.in no time小题2:Reporters who write on films are said to be lucky because they _____.

A.can see more film stars

B.can see the films before most people see them in the cinema

C.can pay less than other people

D.can write anything they like小题3:A reporter’s work becomes dangerous when _____.

A.there is an interview with the prime minister

B.there is a football match

C.he is seeing a horror film

D.there is a flood or a riot小题4:From the passage we can infer that, to be a good reporter, he must be all of the following except _____.

A.brave

B.quick in mind

C.strong

D.well-informed

问答题 简答题