问题 问答题

初中化学学习了氢、氧、碳、铁等元素的单质及其化合物的知识.请回答:

(1)由H、O、C、Fe组成的常见化合物中,属于酸性氧化物的是______,属于无机含氧酸的是______,属于碱的是______,属于有机物的是(只写一种)______(以上各空均填写化学式).

(2)氢气作为高能燃料具有的优点是______.

①来源丰富②单位质量的氢气燃烧时发热量大③燃烧后不产生污染物

A.①③B.①②C.②③D.①②③

(3)我国古代用墨写的字虽年深日久仍不变色,其原因是______.

答案

(1)能与碱反应的氧化物属于酸性氧化物,根据题目所提供的元素,二氧化碳符合要求,其化学式为:CO2

碳酸含有氧元素,但其性质与无机物类似,因此把它们看作无机物,属于无机含氧酸,其化学式为:H2CO3

碱是指在电离时产生的阴离子全部是氢氧根离子的化合物,根据提供的元素氢氧化铁属于碱,其化学式为:Fe(OH)3

含有碳元素的化合物叫有机化合物,简称有机物,甲烷,乙醇等均属于有机物,其化学式分别是CH4(或C2H5OH等).

(2)氢气作为能源的优点是:来源丰富;单位质量的氢燃烧时发热量大;燃烧产物是水,不产生污染.

(3)用墨书写的字、画,年久仍不变色,是因为墨的主要成分是碳,碳在通常情况下化学性质不活泼,一般不与其它物质发生化学反应,故能年久仍不变色.

故答案为:(1)CO2;H2CO3;Fe(OH)3;CH4(或C2H5OH等).(2)D.(3)在常温下,碳的化学性质不活泼.

阅读理解

阅读下面短文,然后根据短文内容回答问题。

       Jan Mela isn't like most kids .Two years ago , he lost an arm and a leg .But that didn't stop him .

       On Saturday ,the 15-year-old boy from Poland(波兰)walked to the North Pole(北极)without

any help.

       "If I can do it ,other people can do great things ,too ," Mela said before he went.

       Polish newspapers said Mela is the youngest person and the first handicapped(残疾的)person to

walk to the North Pole.

       How did Mela lose an arm and a leg ? He had an electrical(电的)accident .Now , he walks with

the help of a 62,000-yuan man-made leg.

       After the accident , Mela felt sad for himself . But he didn't lose hope .One day ,he met Marek

Kaminski ,a Polish explorer . Eight years ago ,Kaminski went to the North Pole and the South Pole in

the same year .Mela wanted to see the North Pole ,too . So Mela asked Kaminski if they could go

together next time .Kaminski said yes!

       It took Mela 21 days to get to the North Pole .The last three or four days were really hard because

of bad weather .But Mela kept going .

       "I didn't think we would make it ," he said , "Then ,things got better."

1. What happened to Mela two years ago?

                                                                                                    

2. Why did Polish newspapers report the travel to the North Pole?

                                                                                                    

3. How does Mela walk after the accident?

                                                                                                    

4. Where did Kaminski go eight years ago?

                                                                                                    

5. Why did Mela make the travel?

                                                                                                      

选择题