问题 解答题

7个人排成一排,按下列要求各有多少种排法?

(1)其中甲不站排头,乙不站排尾;

(2)其中甲、乙、丙3人必须相邻;

(3)其中甲、乙、丙3人两两不相邻;

(4)其中甲、乙中间有且只有1人;

(5)其中甲、乙、丙按从左到右的顺序排列.

答案

(1)3720种   (2)720种   (3)1440种   (4)1200种   (5)840种

(1)方法一(直接法):如果甲站排尾,其余6人有种排法,如果甲站中间5个位置中的一个,而乙不站排尾,则有种排法,故共有排法=3720种.

方法二(间接法):7个人排成一排有种排法,其中甲在排头有种排法,乙在排尾有种排法,甲在排头且乙在排尾共有种排法,故共有排法=3720种.

(2)(捆绑法)将甲、乙、丙捆在一起作为一个元素与其他4个元素作全排列有种,然后甲、乙、丙内部再作全排列有种,故有不同的排法=720种.

(3)(插空法)先排甲、乙、丙外的4人有种排法,这四人之间及两端留出五个空位,然后把甲、乙、丙插入到五个空位中有种排法,故共有=1440种排法.

(4)甲、乙两人有种排法,现从剩下的五人中选一个插入甲、乙中间,有种排法,然后再将这三人看作一个元素,和其他四个元素作全排列,有种排法,故共有=1200种排法.

(5)七个人的全排列为,其中若只看甲、乙、丙不同顺序的排法有种排法,但只有一种顺序符合要求,故符合要求的不同排法有=840种.

多项选择题
单项选择题

Most plants can make their own food from sunlight, (1) some have discovered that stealing is an easier way to live. Thousands of plant species get by (2) photosynthesizing, and over 400 of these species seem to live by pilfering sugars from an underground (3) of fungi(真菌). But in (4) a handful of these plants has this modus operandi been traced to a relatively obscure fungus. To find out how (5) are (6) , mycologist Martin Bidartondo of the University of California at Berkeley and his team looked in their roots. What they found were (7) of a common type of fungus, so (8) that it is found in nearly 70 percent of all plants. The presence of this common fungus in these plants not only (9) at how they survive, says Bidartondo, but also suggests that many ordinary plants might prosper from a little looting, too.

Plants have (10) relations to get what they need to survive. Normal, (11) plants can make their own carbohydrates through photosynthesis, but they still need minerals. Most plants have (12) a symbiotic relationship with a (13) network of what are called my corrhizal fungi, which lies beneath the forest (14) . The fungi help green plants absorb minerals through their roots, and (15) , the plants normally (16) the fungi with sugars, or carbon with a number of plants sharing the same fungal web, it was perhaps (17) that a few cheaters—dubbed epiparasites—would evolve to beat the system. (18) , these plants reversed the flow of carbon, (19) it into their roots from the fungi (20) releasing it as "payment.\

9()

A.shows

B.denotes

C.indicates

D.hints