问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成下面问题。

  “功利的写作”所注重的,是外在的效果,即外界的需要。这当然能在很大程度上保证写作的时效性,使之大致不落空。并且,外在的效果又能呼应内里的写作心态,刺激起进一步努力的欲望。所以,这种写作是较能引出实际的成果来的。但反过来,它也能限制你进一步获得成果。比如,你是研究明史的,一旦成了明史专家,当你的研究告一段落,或学术兴趣业已转移,你却常常不得不屈从于外界的需要和压力,继续负着你这专家的头衔在老路上走下去。所以,“功利的写作”往往能使人“尽责”或“尽职”,却很难使人“尽才”。

  相反,“趣味的写作”所注重的是作者自己内心的释放,是自己的兴味和意趣。他不必照顾太多的外在的命令,而只顺从自己内心的命令。这样,他写作就往往是“乘兴而起,败兴而止”,有时不会引人注目,有时又难免半途而废,但他始终不会去做自己不感兴趣的事,他工作起来总是兴致勃勃的。一旦出了成果,成了哪一门的专家,他的学术方向或写作方式仍随时可有变化,不受外力约束。在这种时候,他反倒能够做出多种多样的成绩来,也能够尽情地发挥他多方面的才华。所以,只有“趣味的写作”才可能是真正使人“尽才”的。

  趣味并不是一种平静不变的东西,它是活着的,是不停流动的,它在人身上的存在,本身就是一个复杂而有趣的过程。它的一个最基本的特征,就是要有变化,不可重复,不可在同一个平面上含糊度日,不然,这趣味很快就会变得“没趣”极了。由于这一规律的指引,所以凡注重趣味者,随着岁月的推移,他们的目光就日益尖锐和深刻,他们所注意的事物也就愈益艰深不凡了。其实,人对于音乐、美术、书法等等的兴趣,无不是如此的。最初的兴趣很可能只在浅层次上,只喜欢那些甜腻流俗的作品,但只要这种兴趣长久地存在着,它就必然有所发展,渐渐地,兴趣就会向深处转化,天长日久,很可能就成了一个能欣赏高层次作品的专家。

  于是我们就明白了,为什么过去有许多叱咤风云的作家或诗人,到中年以后,竟会不约而同地沉入到一些较为遥远而艰深的学术课题中去,并且常有人是沉入到“国学”中去了。(摘编自刘绪源《漫说趣味》)

1.下列关于“功利的写作”和“趣味的写作”的比较,不符合原文意思的一项是[ ]

A.“功利的写作”注重外界的需要,“趣味的写作”注重作者自己内心的释放。

B.“功利的写作”的时效性得到很大程度的保证,“趣味的写作”时效性较低。

C.“功利的写作”通常较能引出实际的成果来,“趣味的写作”往往半途而废。

D.“功利的写作”往往能使人“尽职”,“趣味的写作”能使人发挥多方面才华。

2.下列对“趣味”的理解,不符合原文意思的一项是[ ]

A.趣味是活着的,它的存在是一个复杂而有趣的过程。

B.趣味如果一直停留在某一平面,就会变得“没趣”。

C.趣味对人具有引导作用,引导人们关注艰深的事物。

D.趣味有深浅之分,浅层次的和深层次的会互相转化。

3.为什么有的作家或诗人,中年以后会沉入到某些学术课题中去?请简要分析。

 ______________________________________________

答案

1.C

2.D

3.因为这些作家或诗人是注重趣味者,中年以后趣味发生了变化,既发生平面的转移,又发生层次的深化。(意对即可)

阅读理解

In today's world, we rely on computers as never before. They are used for everything from ordering a pizza to running hospitals and military defense systems. Banking and credit card information is stored and accessed by computers. So what happens when a computer gets infected with a virus? One effect is that people's access to their e-mail accounts is cut off. A more serious possible consequence is that billions of dollars could be lost.

A virus is a computer program that copies itself onto other programs and infects them. Similar to an easily spread disease, a computer virus goes from computer to computer, either adding to or changing the tasks a program is designed to do.

The first computer viruses were created in the mid '80s and had varying effects. Some caused files to be deleted, or made the letters on the screen appear to fall off. Others displayed a specific message once the computer was turned on.

Viruses today are much more widespread and dangerous than ever before. Perhaps the most damaging to date has been the "I Love You" virus. "I Love You" appeared in May 2000 and has possibly been the most destructive virus in terms of monetary loss.

The virus is released when an attachment to a fake e-mail message is opened. By changing the names of files on computers, "I Love You" makes them difficult to access. It also searches for important personal information, including passwords, which it sends to a web site for others to see.

It is estimated that more than 45 million people in 20 countries have had their computers infected by the "I Love You" virus. Some say the cost of repair and lost business has been more than US$10 billion.

If you own a computer, it is important to keep it in good health by installing an anti-virus program. If updated frequently, it will protect your e-mail access--not to mention your wallet.

68. What does "virus" mean in the article?

A. An easily spread disease.            

B. A contagious (传染的) computer program.

C. An extremely small organism (生物) which causes disease.

D. A parasite (寄生虫) in computer.

69. How does "I Love You" virus spread?

A. It is spread when an e-mail account is opened.  B. It is spread through on-line chatting.

C. It is spread through e-mail.                 D. It spreads from web site to web site.

70. Which of the following is the best way to guard against virus?

A. To load an up-to-date anti-virus program into our computer 

B. Not to use an e-mail account.

C. To upgrade our computer.          

D. Not to use the Internet.

71. What is the purpose of the article?

A. To warn us against virus.            B. To remind us the importance of being healthy.

C. To stress the importance of computer.  D. To warn us to economic loss.

判断题