问题 材料题

探索历史的奥秘

材料一 达·芬奇名画《最后的晚餐》,反映了犹大背叛耶稣的情节。

材料二 到底是谁将耶稣迷上了十字架?罗马教廷自16世纪后一直认为是犹太人。直到1965年,罗马教廷在第二次梵蒂冈会议上才正式“赦免”了犹太人的 “罪行”。从此以后,犹太人不再背负“害死耶稣”的沉重罪名,这让所有犹太人放下压在心口的一块石头。 ——岳麓书社《世界文化遗产荟萃》

材料三 2006年4月6日,美国国家地理学会正式将一份遗失了约1700余年的《犹大福音》手稿及翻译套之于世。手稿记载,犹大其实是按照耶稣本人旨意 (注:耶稣授意犹大,完成上帝的救赎计划)而出卖耶稣的,犹大事实上是耶稣最喜欢、最信赖的门徒。手稿经过放射性碳定年、墨水分析、多光谱照影术、内文比对、古字比对等五种鉴定后,被认为货真价实。 ——《欧美文化史纲》

(1)名画《最后的晚餐》创作素材源于什么?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

(2)根据《犹大福音》手稿能否为犹大平反?简要说明理由。

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(3)结合所学知识,概述《犹大福音》手稿与《最后的晚餐》所反映历史时期基督教各自的发展情况。

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案

(1)《圣经》

(2)不能。理由:孤证不立,孤证可以证“实”,亦可证“伪”,对于历史现象的判断需要多种材料的相互印证;文献资料多半是人们在事后整理的,往往加入了人们的主观判断与解释,通常不如实物资料可信。

(3)前者:基督教处于早期的发展阶段,在罗马帝国取得合法地位并成为国教,信徒人数增加,在欧亚大陆广为流传。后者:基督教处于危机或变革时期,文艺复兴运动打破其思想束缚,基督教会的权力、威信和影响急剧下降,新的教派不断涌现。

完形填空

 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Attracting People to You

In West Virginia folklore there is a story of a country doctor. He was   36   late one night to    assist a woman who was about to give birth. By the time the doctor arrived at the farmhouse, things had   37   to a point where the doctor asked the husband to help him by holding a gas lantern up high in order to   38   the room.

Before long, the   39   mother delivered a healthy baby boy. As the father   40   the lantern, the doctor shouted an   41   to keep the lantern high: “We’re not done yet.”   42  , a second child appeared on the   43  , a healthy baby girl. Shaken by the unexpected arrival of twins, the father heard the doctor say once again, “We can’t   44   now. It looks as if it’s going to be triplets (三胞胎).” To which the   45   father, still holding the lantern high, replied, “Do you think it’s the light that’s   46   them?”

Light has a quality of attraction. I recently left my office door   47   late one afternoon in our mountain home and, at dusk, the   48   from within attracted a bird!

You, too, have a light that attracts … an inner light. Not   49   to the naked eye (肉眼), but obvious just the same. Some people   50   with a light of kindness. Others emit (散发,发射) a light of hope.

Almost all   51   are drawn to light, including humans. Do you want to attract people to you?   52   inner qualities can attract people like a warm fire on a   53   night. What will draw other people to you best cannot be   54   in any department store.

You may not always see it,   55   your light is shining through. And it’s one of your most attractive qualities!

36. A. called out     B. called on    C. called off   D. called back

37. A. happened     B. gone   C. turned D. progressed

38. A. decorate       B. darken       C. light   D. show

39. A. adventurous B. brave  C. humorous   D. dangerous

40. A. lowered       B. raised  C. weakened   D. brightened

41. A. order    B. idea    C. apology      D. excuse

42. A. Strangely     B. Shortly      C. Gradually   D. Lately

43. A. air B. screen C. scene  D. way

44. A. continue      B. help    C. argue  D. stop

45. A. worried       B. amazed      C. puzzled      D. amused

46. A. attracting     B. interesting  C. pulling       D. introducing

47. A. shut      B. locked C. open   D. wide

48. A. food     B. water  C. sound  D. light

49. A. comfortable B. visible C. available    D. valuable

50. A. shine    B. work   C. live     D. provide

51. A. creatures      B. birds   C. animals      D. plants

52.。A. Negative B. High   C. Positive      D. Poor

53. A. windy   B. cold    C. rainy   D. dark

54. A. exhibited     B. changed     C. exchanged  D. purchased

55. A. because B. since   C. but     D. if

多项选择题