问题 材料分析题

材料一:寻找核能发电的原料——氦3,是人类探月的一项重要目标。但月球上究竟有没有,有多少氦3,众说纷纭。根据阿波罗号带回的样品,美国科学家分析认为,月球上氦3资源量在100~500万吨之间,评估跨度很大,究竟是靠近100万吨还是500万吨?

材料二:2009年6月16日,2009探月与地学科学研讨会在北京举行。中国绕月探测工程副总设计师、中国工程院院士姜景山向《科学时报》记者透露,根据搭载在“嫦娥一号”卫星上的微波探测仪传回的数据,我国科学家已成功绘制出全球第一幅“微波月亮”图,并利用实际探测数据反演出月球土壤层的平均厚度为5~6米,而氦3资源量更靠近100万吨,而非500万吨。

材料三:“微波月亮”是由中科院空间中心姜景山院士提出的一项月亮探测计划,依据这一计划,我国已经从月球轨道上利用微波探测仪实际测量了全月的土壤厚度分布,在国际上首次获取了全月微波亮温分布数据,创建了“微波月亮”。“微波月亮”的提出有助于了解月球起源及演变、宇宙起源的相关问题。 

(1)分析材料一和材料二体现的认识论道理。

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(2)结合材料三,运用认识论知识,分析说明我国提出“微波月亮”的意义。

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答案

(1)①由于受主客观条件的制约,人们对同一事物会有不同的认识。人们对月上氦3的不同说法体现了这一道理。美国科学家通过科学实验得出了月球上氦3资源量在100500万吨之间的结论,体现了实践是认识的来源。②中国科学家运用微波探测仪,得出关于月球上氦3资源量较为精确的数据,体现了实践是认识发展的动力,说明了新的认识工具能推动认识的进步。③科学家通过科学实验证明了月球上有氦3及其资源量,体现了实践是检验真理的唯一标准。

(2)①实践是有意识有目的能动性的活动,认识对实践具有反作用,“微波月亮”探测计划的提出和实施,有助于人们了解月球起源及演变,宇宙起源的相关问题,发挥了正确认识对实践活动的积极指导作用,②科学实验是历史前进的有力杠杆。“微波月亮”的实施,不仅深化了人们对月球的认识,而且对于人类走向太空,指导人类从太空获取物质生活资料等都具有重要的意义。

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                                                                          Healthy eating

     What's the best thing to eat on a hot summer day? Many people would say ice cream. Yes, eating ice

 cream with some fruit on top is a great way to cool down. But think before you eat. If your body is hot

 from playing sports, it's not the best time to eat ice cream.

     When your body is hot, a lot of ice cream may give your stomach some problems, and you could get

 diarrhoea (腹泻). You can eat some ice cream after you've cooled down a bit and had some tea. Just try

  not to eat too much all at once!

     After dinner is another time people shouldn't eat or drink anything cold. Drink something hot after you

 eat, and your stomach will digest (消化) your food better. If you love fruit, summer is a great time for you.

  Go to the market and pick out the best fruit of the season. If you want to stay cool, oranges, bananas,

 pears and watermelons can help. Also, try to eat more ginger and gram. They will help you stay cool and

  healthy.

     In summer, bacteria (细菌) grow very fast and make your food go bad quickly. Try hard to keep

  yourself and your home clean in summer. Always eat clean, fresh food. When you feel like eating a cold

 dish, put vinegar in it to disinfect it. If you can't finish your food and want to eat it again next day, make

 sure you heat it enough to kill the bacteria in it. And when you put food in the fridge, make sure to keep

 the cooked food away from the uncooked food.

     Stay healthy this summer, and enjoy a nice treat now and then. What's inside your favourite snacks?

         

1. _____ will help you stay cool and healthy.

    A. Fruit                        

    B. Ice cream              

    C. Uncooked food          

    D. Cold tea

2. It is the best time to eat ice cream _____ .

    A. if your body is too hot from playing

    B. right after dinner

    C. after you've cooled down a bit after sports

    D. while playing football

3. From the text we can know that _____ can kill bacteria.

    A. ginger                    

    B. vinegar                  

    C. gram                        

    D. oranges

4. The text mainly tells us _____ in summer.

    A. what we can eat                                        

    B. what to eat and how to eat them

    C. how to cook food                                      

    D. how to stop food going bad

单项选择题