问题 材料题

阅读下列材料:

材料一 西递、宏村这两个传统的古村落在很大程度上仍然保持着那些在上个世纪已经消失或改变了的乡村的面貌。布达拉宫自公元17世纪起就成为达赖喇嘛的冬宫,象征着西藏佛教和历代行政统治的中心。   ——世界遗产委员会评价

材料二 徽州古村落(是)徽商文化的产物。……徽州一府六县的方志中,常会对徽商巨贾的资本投向有如下记载:在家乡修祠堂、建园第,重楼宏丽。——王星明、罗刚《徽州古村落》

材料三 徽州古村落在选址布局上受着风水观念的强烈制约。“依山造屋,傍水结村”是他们基本的原则;但从风水学角度来看,具有完满的物质条件及合理功能的环境,并不意味着就是一个理想环境。人类有着自己的希冀、渴求和恐惧,而只有将这些情感,通过在创造自己的生活环境中表达出来,才构成一真正的理想环境。……徽州民居的天井营造有一个很动听的名儿,叫“四水归堂”,言天降雨露、财气,落到自家房顶,流入宅院。——摘编自余治淮《桃花源里人家》

(1)据材料一,皖南古村落与布达拉宫是哪两类社会群体活动的历史承载?

                                                                                                                                                                

(2)据材料二并结合所学知识,为什么说徽州古村落是徽商文化的产物?古村落突出反映了徽商怎样的心态?

                                                                                                                                                                

(3)据材料三并结合所学知识,古村落营造中的风水观念在徽州社会生活中发挥着什么功能?体现了怎样的环境理念?

                                                                                                                                                                

(4)有学者称:“文化遗产的完整样态必须在其存活的情境中才能把握。”据此,你认为皖南古村落的“完整样态”应该是什么?

                                                                                                                                                                

答案

(1)平民百姓与贵族阶层。

(2)原因:古村落是徽商财富集聚故里的象征;古村落蕴含了徽商的儒家观念。心态:光宗耀祖。

(3)改善居住环境、方便日常生活;以景观象征满足人们的心理需求。人文与自然的和谐。

(4)一方面,自然环境和建筑等物质遗存;另一方面,历史上的村落生活。

完形填空

Monday morning is an important time at our school. All of the students go to the playground. We listen to music, and we   1  the national flag go up.
Usually, one student gives a talk on Monday mornings. One Monday last year, a boy gave the talk. He was   2  and excited! When I saw him, I wanted to have a try, too.
Can I really do it?
Last week, our teacher said our class should give the talk. My teacher   3  me, "I know you want to have a try. Next Monday, you can give the talk. Go and write something down.   4  for it, I'm sure you'll do well."
"Thank you," I answered, It was such a great   5  for me! When I got home, I was excited. I wrote two pages for the talk. I read them again and again. When I read, I asked my parents  6 . I wanted to make my teacher happy.
Monday morning came. I began to feel   7 . When did I last give a talk to   8  many people? Never! This was my first time. Could I really   9  it ? Maybe I couldn't finish the talk.
When I got to school, we all went out to playground. I  10 in front of everyone. I opened my mouth, but I couldn't say anything.
"Take it easy," I said to   11 . "Don't be nervous. You can do it."
Just then, I looked down at everyone. I saw about 1,000 eyes. They were all looking at me ! I couldn't   12  stand up.
I looked at their eyes more carefully. Their eyes were saying, "You can do it! Don't be afraid, just talk!"
I   13  a big breath. Then I began to talk. It wasn't hard. It was easy.
I don't know   14  I finished my talk. But I did it. I felt so good that day. I showed myself 15 everyone what I can do.
小题1:
A.watchB.seeC.noticeD.look at
小题2:
A.surprisingB.proudC.amazedD.careful
小题3:
A.toldB.asked forC.said toD.showed
小题4:
A.Look outB.Come onC.Take careD.Get ready
小题5:
A.chanceB.newsC.timeD.message
小题6:
A.to listen toB.to listenC.listen toD.listen
小题7:
A.excitedB.happyC.nervousD.surprised
小题8:
A.afterB.suchC.beforeD.so
小题9:
A.doB.speakC.talkD.take
小题10:
A.standB.stoodC.was standingD.have stood
小题11:
A.meB.my classC.myselfD.my parents
小题12:
A.be able toB.hardlyC.everD.even
小题13:
A.tookB.heldC.putD.left
小题14:
A.whenB.howC.whyD.whether
小题15:
A.soB.butC.toD.for
单项选择题