问题 阅读理解与欣赏

  现在“竹盐减肥”炒得很热。其实竹盐进入中国至少有十几年了,最初是在“高档牙膏”中出现的。大概是牙膏再高档也还是不如减肥产品有号召力,所以“排毒减肥”的竹盐产品又进入人们的视野。

  不过竹盐其实不是新东西。在韩国,它大概可以算得上“民族瑰宝”了。古时的僧侣把盐装在精心选择的竹筒中,用天然黄土封上,再用特定的松枝烘烤,最后得到的固体粉末就是竹盐。这个过程往往要反复进行,“好”的竹盐会进行9次。古代韩国人用这样的竹盐来治疗多种疾病,据说有“奇效”。这样的炼制过程颇有中国道家炼丹的意味——精选的材料、长时间的炼制,所以在对竹盐的宣传中,经常宣称集中了“大自然的精华”“几十种微量元素”,具有“抗氧化”“清除自由基”“消炎”“杀菌”“排毒”“减肥”等功效。

  对于这样的“民族瑰宝”,韩国人自然很骄傲。他们也希望用现代科学的方法去证明他们祖先的神奇。在权威的生物医学论文数据库中,能找到零星的几篇对竹盐进行现代科学研究的论文。这些论文基本上是用竹盐去处理体外培养的细胞或者人为致病的老鼠,观察到了竹盐的一些效果。不过,这样的研究结果实在是太过初步,只能提供一些猜想,也就完全不可能被任何一个国家的主管机构认可。而且,就这些不会被认可的“竹盐功效”中,也没有一项跟“排毒”“减肥”能扯上关系。另一方面,韩国科学家们也老老实实地承认,还不清楚为什么竹盐会有这些“功效”。

  有关竹盐的广告中宣称“竹盐中的有机物进入人体后如何如何”,则完全是臆想。竹盐的烘烤温度高达1000至1300度,在此温度下有机物会被烧掉而只剩下无机物。也有广告宣称在此高温下,盐的分子结构发生了转化,生成了“高能量”的食物,具有了“抗氧化”“清除自由基”的功能。如果是真的,这大概是对于经典化学理论的改写。韩国科学家的研究则比较“传统”,指出经过炼制的竹盐可能含有了一些其他的矿物质,而这些矿物质可能会导致一些特别的功效。他们测量了纯食盐、粗盐和竹盐的成分,发现竹盐中锰、钙、锌、铁、硫等成分的含量比纯食盐或者粗盐要高。这也很符合化学中的物质平衡——竹子和黄土中含有比较多的这些成分,经过烘烤最后进入了食盐中。换句话说,竹盐其实是另一种形式的“粗盐”。如果这些成分的差别是竹盐的所谓“神效”(如果它存在的话)的原因,那么完全用不着那么费劲地去用竹子黄土松枝反复烘烤,人们可以很轻易地混合出任何需要的组成来。

  宣传竹盐神效的广告喜欢说在高温下这些物质相互反应,生成了新的“神奇”的物质。按照化学理论,在烘烤这样的反应条件下,矿物质种类不会发生变化。所以,竹盐广告中所宣称的那些“竹盐减肥”的理论依据,既不符合现代科学的基本理论,也没有经过任何现代科学方法的验证。它的神奇,只能依靠对于“传统”“经验”的信念来支持——也就是说,如果相信现代科学,那么它是靠不住的;如果相信存在着与现代科学不同的“科学体系”,那么它的任何结论我们都无法评价。

1.下列关于竹盐作用的表述,最恰当的一项是[ ]

A.古代韩国人用竹盐治疗多种疾病,取得了奇特的效果。

B.竹盐在炼制过程中含有了一些其他的矿物质,正是这些矿物质对人体产生了重要作用。

C.竹盐含有的锰、钙、锌、铁、硫等成分要高于纯食盐和粗盐,因此它对人体有一定作用。

D.竹盐在烘制过程中有机物会被烧掉而只剩下无机物,因此它对人体没有任何作用。

2.下列对竹盐的炼制和研究的表述,最符合原文意思的一项是[ ]

A.古代韩国人炼制竹盐与古代中国道家炼丹的方法大致是一样的。

B.竹盐的“排毒减肥”功能在权威的生物医学数据库中找不到任何哪怕是零星的资料证明。

C.韩国人在竹盐的研究方面取得了一定的成果,只是这些成果目前我们还不能从现代科学的角度加以评价。

D.竹盐中的矿物质和微量元素都是在炼制过程中从竹子和黄土中吸取到的。

3.联系全文,请用一句话概括本文的观点。

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4.根据全文内容,给本文拟一个提问式标题。

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答案

1.C

2.B

3.不能过分夸大竹盐的作用。(意思对即可)

4.竹盐到底有无神效?(意对即可)

单项选择题
单项选择题

Passage Four

Japan’s old imperial army never went into the field without a group of "comfort women" for the troops. Many male office workers in modern Japan (and in Japanese branches abroad) seem to think they are still at war. Women workers, even those with university degrees, are expected to do all the humble tasks: greet the visitors, make the tea, tidy up the office afterwards and then leave the firm as soon as they get married and have a child. Come party time, they are often pressed into behaving like bar hostesses.
The fort of Japanese male chauvinism—the old guard of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party—has unintentionally done more than most to change all that. The sex scandal that marked the brief prime ministership of Mr. Sosuke Uno last summer outraged many women, and helped the opposition to its success in the upper-house election in July. Mr. Uno is forgotten, but the resentment (怨恨) of women about their treatment at the hands of men lingers (逗留) on. Over the past few months Japanese women have started campaigning much more vigorously for laws to protect them from sexual bothering at work.
Japan’s first lawsuit claiming sexual bothering opened last week in a city court in Fukuoka. A 32-year-old woman, whose name has been kept from being known (another first), is seeking about $ 26 000 in damages from her former boss and the publishing company she worked for. She claims his sexual hints forced her to leave the company and give up her career. She stakes her claim on the ground, among others, that her rights under Article 14 of the Japanese Constitution were violated; this guarantees equal treatment for the sexes.
Women’s lobbying groups have been springing up all over Japan. The lead has been taken by lawyers at the Second Bar Association in Tokyo. Last month the association held a call-in for women to expose their grievances. Its telephone lines were jammed for six hours. By the end of the session, some 137 formal complaints had been registered. "Nearly 40% of them were from women who had been compelled to have sexual relations with their superiors at work," says Miss Shizuko Sugii, a lawyer with the bar association. Ten of the cases have since been classified as rape or attempted rape.

What is Article 14 of the Japanese Constitution

A.Men should enjoy just treatment in Japan.

B.Women should enjoy just treatment in Japan.

C.Women’s rights should be guaranteed in Japan.

D.Both sexes should be treated equally in Japan.