问题 填空题

Ⅰ、铝、铁、碳元素的单质和化合物应用广泛,三种元素的单质及化合物均可以实现下列转化:

在上述每次转化时甲、乙、丙、丁四种物质中只有一种是单质,且四种物质中均含有组成该单质的元素,请回答:

(1)若丙是地壳中含量最多的金属元素的单质,丁易溶于水,溶液显碱性,则丙到丁的离子方程式是______.

(2)若乙是一种常见的温室气体,相同条件下,丙和丁的溶液都显碱性,且丙的溶液的碱性强于丁的溶液的碱性,乙到丙的离子方程式是______.

(3)若乙是有磁性的黑色晶体,在乙中加入稀硝酸后可得到丙,同时得到一种无色气体,该气体遇空气呈红棕色,该反应的化学方程式是______.

Ⅱ、(4)在碱性锌电池中,用高铁酸钾作为正极材料,电池反应为:2K2FeO4+3Zn=Fe2O3+ZnO+2K2ZnO2该电池正极发生的反应的电极反应式为______.

用上述碱性锌电池和惰性电极电解1000mL1mol/L的AgNO3溶液,电解池的总反应方程式为______,当电池消耗0.05molZn时,被电解溶液的pH为______(溶液体积变化忽略不计);

(5)称取金属钠、铝、铁各mg,在室温下分别与VL4mol•L-1的盐酸充分反应,试判断在下列两种情况下,V值的取值范围(用含m的表达式表示):

①铝与盐酸反应放出的氢气最多:______:

②钠与盐酸反应放出的氢气最多:______.

答案

Ⅰ、(1)若丙是地壳中含量最多的金属元素的单质,判断丙为Al,丁易溶于水,溶液显碱性,判断为铝和碱反应生成的偏铝酸钠溶液,则甲为Al(OH)3,乙为Al2O3;丙和丁反应的离子方程式为:2Al+2OH-+2H2O=2AlO2-+3H2↑,

故答案为:2Al+2OH-+2H2O=2AlO2-+3H2↑;

(2)若乙是一种常见的温室气体,判断为CO2,相同条件下,丙和丁的溶液都显碱性,且丙的溶液的碱性强于丁的溶液的碱性,推断为丙为Na2CO3,丁为NaHCO3,乙到丙的离子方程式是二氧化碳和氢氧化钠反应,离子反应为:CO2+2OH-=CO32-+H2O;

故答案为:CO2+2OH-=CO32-+H2O;

(3)若乙是有磁性的黑色晶体,判断为Fe3O4,在乙中加入稀硝酸后,硝酸氧化亚铁离子为铁离子,可得到丙硝酸铁,同时得到一种无色气体NO,该气体遇空气呈红棕色NO2,该反应的化学方程式是:3Fe3O4+28HNO3(稀)=9Fe(NO33+NO↑+14H2O,

故答案为:3Fe3O4+28HNO3(稀)=9Fe(NO33+NO↑+14H2O;

Ⅱ、(3)在碱性锌电池中,用高铁酸钾作为正极材料,电池反应为:2K2FeO4+3Zn=Fe2O3+ZnO+2K2ZnO2该电池正极发生的反应的电极反应式依据高铁酸钾得到电子发生还原反应生成三氧化二铁写出,电荷守恒依据氢氧根离子配平得到正极电极反应为:2FeO42-+6e-+5H2O=Fe2O3+10OH-;用上述碱性锌电池和惰性电极电解1000mL1mol/L的AgNO3溶液,电解池的总反应方程式为:4AgNO3+2H2O

通电
.
4Ag+O2↑+4HNO3,当电池消耗0.05molZn时电子转移为0.1mol,则依据化学方程式计算,转移4mol电子生成4mol氢离子,所以转移0.1mol电子生成氢离子物质的量为0.1mol,氢离子浓度为0.1mol/L,溶液pH=1,

故答案为:2FeO42-+6e-+5H2O=Fe2O3+10OH-;4AgNO3+2H2O

通电
.
4Ag+O2↑+4HNO3;1;

(5)称取金属钠、铝、铁各m g,在室温下分别与V L 4mol•L-1的盐酸充分反应,试判断在下列两种情况下,V值的取值范围依据金属与盐酸反应的定量关系分析判断,假设金属全部反应时的定量关系为;

2Na~2HCl~H2

m
23
m
23
m
46

Fe~2HCl~H2

m
56
m
28
m
56

2Al~6HCl~3H2

m
27
m
9
m
18

依据定量分析可知,

①铝与盐酸反应放出的氢气最多时,盐酸对钠过量,相对于铝恰好反应或不足,消耗的盐酸满足4V>

m
23
,V>
m
92
,故答案为:V>
m
92

②钠与盐酸反应放出的氢气最多时,金属对盐酸都过量,依据钠计算需要的盐酸体积,4V<

m
23
,V<
m
92
,故答案为:0<V<
m
92

多项选择题
完形填空
完形填空
     He came across her at a party.She was outstanding; many boys were after her, but nobody paid any
__1__to him.After the party, he invited her for coffee.She was surprised.In order not to __2__rude, she
went along.
     As they sat in a nice coffee shop, he was too __3__to say anything.Suddenly, he asked the waiter.
"Could you please __4__me some salt?I'd like to put it in my coffee."
      The girl stared at him.He turned red, but when the salt came, he put it in his coffee and drank.__5__,
she asked."Why salt with coffee?"he __6__, "When I was a little boy.I lived near the sea, I liked playing
in the sea...I could feel its taste salty, like salty coffee.Now every time I drink it, I think of my __7__and
my hometown.I miss it and my parents, who are still there."
     She was deeply __8__.A man who can realize that he's homesick, must love his home and __9__
about his family.He must he __10__.
     She talked too, about her faraway hometown, her childhood, her __11__.That was the start of their
love story.
      They continued to date each other.She found that he met all her__12__ .He was tolerate, kind, warm and careful.And to think she would have missed the __13__if not for the salty coffee!
      So they married and lived happily together.Every time she made coffee for him, she put in some salt,
the __14__he liked it.
      After 40 years, he __15__away and left her a letter which said:"My dearest, please forgive my
lifelong lie.Remember the first time we dated?I was so nervous I asked for salt instead of sugar.If I could
live a second time, I hope we can be together again, even if it means that I have to drink salty coffee for
the rest of my life."
(    )1. A. money      
(    )2. A. show      
(    )3. A. eager      
(    )4. A. lift      
(    )5. A. Mysterious
(    )6. A. explained  
(    )7. A. boat      
(    )8. A. touched    
(    )9. A. mind      
(    )10. A. smart    
(    )11. A. family    
(    )12. A. friends  
(    )13. A. sight    
(    )14. A. method    
(    )15. A. moved    
B. ttention    
B. ook        
B. roud        
B. ake        
B. oved        
B. rgued      
B. riend      
B. urt        
B. are        
B. ntelligent  
B. chool      
B.requirements
B.train      
B.style      
B.passed      
C. visit      
C. seem        
C. nervous    
C. carry      
C. Curious    
C. stated      
C. playmate    
C. pressed    
C. know        
C. responsible
C. relatives  
C. needs      
C. catch      
C. manner      
C. died        
D.respect          
D.appear            
D.anxious          
D.bring            
D.Excited          
D.claimed          
D.childhood        
D.interested        
D.attend            
D.flexible          
D.house            
D.standards        
D.chance            
D.way              
D.walked