问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成下面问题。

我的老师

贾平凹  

  我的老师孙涵泊,是朋友的孩子。今年三岁半。他不漂亮,也少言语,平时不准父母杀鸡剖鱼,很有些良善,但对家里的所有来客却不瞅不睬,表情木然,显得傲慢。开始我见他只逗着取乐,到后来便不敢放肆,认了他是老师。许多人都笑我认三岁半的小孩为师,是我疯了,或耍矫情。我说这就是你们的错误了,谁规定老师只能是以小认大?孙涵泊!孙老师,他是该做我的老师的。

  幼儿园的阿姨领了孩子们去郊游,他也在其中,阿姨摘了一抱花分给大家,轮到他,他不接,小眼睛翻着白,鼻翼一扇一扇的。阿姨问:你不要?他说:“花疼不疼?”对于美好的东西,因为美好,我也常常就不觉得了它的美好,不爱惜,不保卫,有时是觉出了它的美好,因为自己没有,生嫉恨,多诽谤,甚至参与加害和摧残。孙涵泊却慈悲,视一切都有生命,都应尊重和和平相处,他真该做我的老师。

  晚上看电视,七点钟中央电视台开始播放国歌,他就要站在椅子上,不管在座的是大人还是小孩,是惊讶还是嗤笑,目不旁视,双手打起节拍。我是没有这种大气派的,为了自己的身家平安和一点事业,时时小心,事事怯场,挑了鸡蛋挑子过闹市,不敢挤人,唯恐人挤,应忍的忍了,不应忍的也忍了,最多只写“转毁为缘,默雷止谤”自慰,结果失了许多志气,误了许多正事。孙涵泊却无所畏惧,竟敢指挥国歌,他真该做我的老师。

  我在他家书写条幅,许多人围着看,一片叫好,他也挤了过来,头歪着,一手掏耳屎。他爹问:你来看什么?他说:“看写。”再问:写的什么?说:“字。”又问:什么字?说:“黑字。”我的文章和书法本不高明,却向来有人恭维,我也是恭维过别人的,比如听别人说过某某的文章好,拿来看了,怎么也看不出好在哪里,但我要在文坛上混,又要证明我的鉴赏水平,或者某某是权威,是著名的,我得表示谦虚和尊敬,我得需要提拔加获奖,我也就说:“好呀,当然是好呀,你瞧,他写的这副联,×××××,×××××,多好!”孙涵泊不管形势,不瞧脸色,不斟句酌字,拐弯抹角,直奔事物根本,他真该做我的老师。

  街上两人争执,先是对骂,再是拳脚,一个脸上就流下血来,遂抓起了旁边肉店案上的砍刀,围观的人轰然走散,他爹牵他正好经过,便跑过去立于两人之间,大喊:“不许打架!打架不是好孩子,不许打仗!”现在的人很烦,似乎吃了炸药,鸡毛蒜皮的事也要闹出个流血事件,但街头上的斗殴发生了,却没有几个前去制止的。我也是,怕偏护了弱者挨强者的刀子,怕去制伏强者,弱者悄然遁去,警察来了脱离不了干系,多一事不如少一事,还是一走了之,事后连个证明也不肯做。孙涵泊安危度外,大义凛然,有徐洪刚的英勇精神,他真该做我的老师。

  我的老师话少,对我没有悬河般的教导,不布置作业,他从未以有我这么个学生而得意过,却始终表情木然,样子傲慢。我琢磨,或许他这样正是要我明白“口锐者天钝之,目空者鬼障之”的道理。我是诚惶诚恐地待我的老师的,他使我不断地发现着我的卑劣,知道了羞耻,我相信有许许多多的人接触了我的老师都要羞耻的。所以,我没有理由不称他是老师!我的老师也将不会只有我一个学生吧?

1.作者为什么觉得孙涵泊“真该做我的老师”?(限20字内作答)

 _________________________________________________________。

2.(1)请分别写出下列句中的“笑”针对的对象是什么?

 ①许多人都笑我认三岁半的小孩为师,是我疯了,或耍矫情。

 ②……不管在座的是大人还是小孩,是惊讶还是嗤笑,目不旁视,双手打起节拍。

 _________________________________________________________。

  (2)为什么会产生这些“笑”?

 _________________________________________________________。

  (3)作者对这些“笑”是怎么看待的?

 _________________________________________________________。

3.“我的老师也将不会只有我一个学生吧”,作者为什么这么说?

 _________________________________________________________。

4.对本文内容理解有误的两项是[ ]

A.本文作者想要告诉我们一个道理,老师是没有限制的,年纪小,也一样可以当老师。

B.作者是不太喜欢这个小孩的,因为他很傲慢,但是小孩的一些行为和语言引起了作者的思考,使得作者对他的感觉也发生了变化。

C.作者在文中所举的例子,都是对大家习以为常的现象的再思考和反思。

D.通过作者的叙述我们可以知道,往往“童言无忌”、“童心无邪”。

E.作者通过五个事例,不仅批判了自己,也批判了其他成人的性格中虚伪的成分,是小孩给了作者启示。

答案

1.因为“他使我不断地发现着我的卑劣,知道了羞耻”。(意对即可)

2.(1)①“我”拜三岁小孩为师。

   ②小孩的一本正经。

(2)跟世俗的观念冲突。

(3)不喜欢这些笑,正是这些笑说明了人们对人性纯真的遗忘,以及人性的虚伪。(意对即可)

3.我们本应该正义、实话实说,但往往因为各种各样的利害关系而忽略掉,变得复杂。如果大家都有感于此,便都有向孙涵泊学习的必要。(意对即可)

4.AB

单项选择题
阅读理解

Motorists over the age of 75 face compulsory tests of their eyesight and ability to drive under proposals being considered by ministers.

The biggest overhaul of motoring law in a generation could also lead to all drivers having to give assurances(保证)of their fitness to get behind the wheel every 10 years.

Other changes under consideration include issuing(发放)daylight driving licenses for motorists with night blindness, together with stricter checks on all drivers whose medical condition brought a threat to other road users.

It is understood that the proposals will be part of a review of the law governing the medical fitness of drivers that will be announced publicly by the summer.

The Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency is dealing with a rising number of motorists who are concerned that they have conditions---from failing eyesight to epilepsy---that could affect their driving.

In 2006, the DVLA dealt with 600,000 motorists whose physical ability to drive needed to be recertified(重新认证), a 20 per cent rise on the previous year. With an ageing population, the biggest challenge is dealing with the rising number of elderly motorists. By 2021, there will be an estimated three million drivers over the age of 70 on Britain’s roads.

Drivers must renew their licenses at the age of 70 and every three years thereafter. The applicant is legally required to tell the DVLA of any conditions that could weaken their ability behind the wheel.

Ministers have ruled out a compulsory maximum age for driving but will instead rely on tightening up the checks on motorists over the age of 75. The most likely option would be tests to ensure motorists were fit to drive. They would include an eyesight test and a cognitive(认知) test that would prove a driver's ability to react to road signs, driving conditions, pedestrians and vehicles.

However, checks are likely to be tightened at all ages. The strictest controls are expected to be imposed(强制) on motorists of any age who have had a heart attack or stroke. They could have to produce a doctor's approval to resume(重新得到)driving. Anyone making a false declaration would be guilty of a criminal offence.

小题1:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A.The new motoring law will come into effect by the summer.

B.Drivers over the age of 75 must renew their licenses every three years.

C.Doctors will decide whether one can get their driving licenses.

D.Drivers at all ages will be expected to provide their medical condition.小题2:What is the biggest challenge to the traffic safety in Britain according to the writer?

A.Ageing population.

B.Increasing number of cars.

C.Increasing number of elderly motorists.

D.Driving conditions.小题3:The underlined word “overhaul” in Paragraph 2 means _______.

A.change

B.consideration

C.concern

D.challenge小题4:What can be learned from the passage?

A.There will be more and more aged drivers in Britain.

B.Anyone can get a driving license as long as he/she is in good health.

C.Health tends to decline as one gets old

D.It will be guilty to make a false declaration.