问题 解答题
已知实数a,b,c∈R,函数f(x)=ax3+bx2+cx满足f(1)=0,设f(x)的导函数为f′(x),满足f′(0)f′(1)>0.
(1)求
c
a
的取值范围;
(2)设a为常数,且a>0,已知函数f(x)的两个极值点为x1,x2,A(x1,f(x1)),B(x2,f(x2)),求证:直线AB的斜率k∈(-
2a
9
,-
a
6
]
答案

(1)∵f(1)=a+b+c=0,∴b=-(a+c),

∵f′(x)=3ax2+2bx+c,

∴f′(0)=c,f′(1)=3a+2b+c,

∴f′(0)f′(1)=c(3a+2b+c)=c(a-c)=ac-c2>0,

∴a≠0,c≠0,

c
a
-(
c
a
)2>0,

所以0<

c
a
<1.

(2)令f′(x)=3ax2+2bx+c=0,则x1+x2=-

2b
3a
,x1x2=
c
3a

∴k=

f(x2)-f(x1)
x2-x1
=
(ax23+bx22+cx2)-(ax13+bx12+cx1)
x2-x1

=

(x2-x1)[a(x22+x2x1+x12)+b(x2+x1)+c]
x2-x1

=a(x22+x2x1+x12)+b(x2+x1)+c

=a[(x2+x1)2-x2x1]+b(x2+x1)+c

=a(

4b2
9a2
-
c
3a
)+b(-
2b
3a
)+c

=a[(

4b2
9a2
-
c
3a
)+
b
a
(-
2b
3a
)+
c
a
]

=

2a
9
(-
b2
a2
+
3c
a
),

令t=

c
a
,由b=-(a+c)得,
b
a
=-1-t,t∈(0,1),

则k=

2a
9
[-(1+t)2+3t]=
2a
9
(-t2+t-1),

∵a>0,-t2+t-1∈(-1,-

3
4
],∴k∈(-
2a
9
,-
a
6
].

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