问题 综合题

阅读下列材料:

材料一 “很清楚,中国现时社会的性质,既然是殖民地、半殖民地半封建的性质,它就决定中国革命必须分为两个步骤。第一步,改变这个殖民地、半殖民地半封建的社会形态,使之成为一个独立的民主主义的社会。第二步,使革命向前发展,建立一个社会主义社会。在第一步,政治上建立‘在无产阶级领导下的一切反帝反封建的人们联合专政的民主共和国’。这种新民主主义共和国,一方面和旧形式的、欧美的、资产阶级专政的、资本主义的共和国专政相区别……另一方面,也和苏联式的、无产阶级专政、社会主义的共和国相区别。”经济上,没收“大银行、大工业、工商业归这个共和国国家所有……在无产阶级领导下的新民主主义共和国的国营经济是社会主义的性质,是整个国民经济的领导力量”。

——毛 * * 《新民主主义论》(1940年1月)

材料二 在新民主主义的政治条件获得以后,中国人民及其政府必须采取切实的步骤,在若干年内逐步建立重工业和轻工业,使中国由农业国变为工业国。国营经济是社会主义性质的,合作经济是半社会主义性质的,加上私人资本主义,加上个体经济,加上国家和私人合作的国家资本主义经济……这些就构成社会主义的经济形态。

——毛 * * 《中共七届二中全会上的报告》

请完成:

(1)根据材料,将毛 * * 上述思想的重要观点提炼出来,逐条列出。

(2)综合你所列出的观点,可以得出什么重要结论?

答案

(1)①中国革命分两步走:第一步是资产阶级民主革命;第二步是社会主义革命,建立工人阶级领导的、以工农联盟为基础的人民民主专政的国家。②以国营经济为主导,允许多种经济成分并存,努力发展生产力。

(2)①建立新民主主义共和国是近代中国发展的必然。②新民主主义社会要充分发展生产力,实现工业化。这个设想代表了中国绝大多数阶级和阶层的利益。

此题主要考查阅读、理解历史材料以及从材料中获取有效历史信息的能力。回答时,要注意从革命的策略(或步骤)、目标、社会形态(政治的和经济的)等方面进行思考。

阅读理解

WASHINGTON — Money can buy happiness, but only if you spend it on someone else, according to researchers.

Spending as little as $5 a day on someone else could significantly boost happiness, the team at the University of British Columbia and Harvard Business School found on Thursday.

Their experiments on more than 630 Americans showed they were measurably happier when they spent money on others --- even if they thought spending the money on themselves would make them happier.

“We wanted to test our theory that how people spend their money is at least as important as how much money they earn,” said Elizabeth Dunn, a psychologist at the University of British Columbia.

They asked their 600 volunteers first to rate their general happiness, report their annual income and detail their monthly spending including bills, gifts for themselves, gifts for others and donations to charity.

“Regardless of how much income each person made, those who spent money on others reported greater happiness, while those who spent more on themselves did not,” Dunn said in a statement.

Dunn’s team also surveyed 16 employees at a company in Boston before and after they received an annual profit-sharing bonus of between $3,000 and $8,000.

“Employees who devoted more of their bonus to pro-social spending experienced greater happiness after receiving the bonus, and the manner in which they spent that bonus was a more important predictor of their happiness than the size of the bonus itself,” they wrote in their report, published in the journal Science.

“Finally, participants who were randomly (随机地) required to spend money on others experienced greater happiness than those required to spend money on themselves,” they said.

They gave their volunteers $5 or $20 and half got clear instructions on how to spend it. Those who spent the money on someone or something else reported feeling happier about it.

“These findings suggest that very minor adjustment in spending allocations (分配) --- as little as $5 --- may be enough to produce real gains in happiness on a given day,” Dunn said.

This could also explain why people are no happier even though US society is richer.

“Indeed, although real incomes have increased dramatically in recent decades, happiness levels have remained largely flat within developed countries across time,” they wrote.

小题1:

Dune’s experiment on 630 Americans was to ________.

A.help people make careful plans for their money

B.encourage people to be generous to others

C.see how to spend money is important to happiness

D.test whether $5 is enough to buy happiness小题2:

What can we conclude according to the experiment?

A.Happiness largely depends on the size of your bonus money.

B.Happiness, as a matter of fact, has nothing to do with money.

C.The more money you give away, the happier person you will be.

D.Spending money for the good of society will make you happier.小题3:

How many different ways are used by the researchers to test their theory?

A.Two.

B.Three.

C.Four.

D.Five.小题4:

The last sentence of the passage means _______.

A.happiness does not necessary increase as money grows

B.people in richer countries actually have more problems

C.fast economic growth has a bad effect on people’s life

D.great increase of income contributes to keeping happiness level stable

单项选择题