问题 问答题

小赵是一位优秀的软件设计师,负责过多项系统集成项目的应用开发,现在公司因人手紧张,让他作为项目经理独自管理一个类似的项目,他使用瀑布模型来管理该项目的全生命周期,如下所示:

项目进行到实施阶段,小赵发现在系统定义阶段所制订的项目计划估计不准,实施阶段有许多原先没有估计到的任务现在都冒了出来。项目工期因而一再延期,成本也一直超出。

(1)请简要叙述瀑布模型的优缺点。 (2)请简要叙述其他模型如何弥补瀑布模型的不足。

答案

参考答案:

(1)瀑布模型的优点:阶段划分次序清晰,各阶段人员的职责规范、明确,便于前后活动的衔接,有利于活动重用和管理。 瀑布模型的缺点:是一种理想的线性开发模式,缺乏灵活性(或风险分析),无法解决需求不明确或不准确的问题。

(2)原型化模型(演化模型),用于解决需求不明确的情况。 螺旋模型,强调风险分析,特别适合庞大而复杂的、高风险的系统。

解析:

要求考生熟悉瀑布模型的优缺点,并给出弥补此种模型不足的办法。考生可查阅《系统集成项目管理工程师教程》3.2节“信息系统建设”、3.3节“软件工程”以及4.4节“典型的信息系统项目的生命周期模型”中的相关内容。

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