问题 解答题

(1)真菌产生的能杀死或抑制某些菌类的物质叫______.

(2)______和豆科植物共生,为豆科植物提供含氮物质,所以人们通过种植豆科植物提高土壤的肥力,从而提高农作物的产量.

(3)蒸熟的馒头松软多孔,是因为和面时加入了______,使面粉发酵产生的______气体遇热膨胀的缘故.

答案

(1)有的真菌能引起多种疾病,有的真菌却可以产生杀死某些致病细菌的物质,这些物质被称为抗生素,抗生素可以用来治疗相应的细菌性疾病.如青霉素是一种著名的抗生素,它是由真菌中的青霉菌产生的,可以治疗多种细菌性疾病.

(2)在豆科植物的根瘤中,有能够固氮的根瘤菌与豆科植物共生,根瘤菌有固氮作用,能将空气中的氮转化为植物能吸收的含氮物质,而植物则为根瘤菌提供有机物.二者互惠互利,共同生活.

(3)做馒头或面包时,经常要用到酵母菌,酵母菌经过发酵可以分解面粉中的葡萄糖,产生二氧化碳,二氧化碳是气体,遇热膨胀而形成小孔,使得馒头或面包暄软多孔.

故答案为:(1)抗生素(2)根瘤菌(3)酵母菌;二氧化碳

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Cats and dogs are both popular pets. Cat owners think that cats are nicer pets in some ways. Cats are

cleaner, first of all. They keep themselves clean, and they do not make the house dirty. Cats are also quieter

than dogs. They usually do not make a lot of noise. Cats are safer, too. Dogs sometimes bite people, but cats

almost never do. Finally, cats are easier to take care of. You do not have to spend much time with a cat. In

fact, many cats prefer to be alone.

     Many children want to have a pet. Some parents may not like the idea of a dog or a cat in the house, but

pets can be good for children. A pet is fun for a child to play with. This can be especially important if there is

only one child. Also, children can leam a lot from a pet. They can learn about animals and the natural world.

Children also leam about taking care of something. They cannot forget about their pets. This is an important

lesson for all children.

     Most Americans think of cats as pets, but not all cats are pets. Some cats can help people, but others can

be problems. For example, on farms and in old houses, they kill small animals such as rats or mice. However,

some people do not want cats around. They like to watch birds in their yards. Cats may kill the birds or scare

them away. Cats can also be a problem in cities. In Rome, for example, thousands of cats live in the streets

and old buildings. They make a lot of noise, and they are dirty and dangerous.

1. The owners of cats think that cats are _____ than dogs.

A. safer but dirtier

B. cleaner but noisier

C. more interesting and safer

D. cleaner and quieter

2. Pets are good for children because _____.

A. pets are very popular

B. pets help children leam a lot

C. pets are easy to take care of

D. pets help children forget everything

3. We can learn from the last paragraph that _____.

A. cats can help on farms

B. cats and birds are friends

C. cats prefer living in cities

D. cats are thought as pets by all

单项选择题