男性，32岁。饮酒后突发右上腹剧痛5小时。查体：急性痛苦面容，被迫体位。全腹压痛及反跳痛，板状腹。临床诊断为消化性溃疡穿孔。在全麻下施行胃大部切除（毕Ⅱ式）、腹腔引流术。
经补液、解痉止痛、使用抗生素等治疗2天后，症状缓解。入院后第5天，患者突然发生上腹部绞痛，随后出现恶心、呕血，量约150ml。诊断为上消化道出血，最可能的原因是（）
A.胃、十二指肠溃疡出血
B.感染性胆道出血
C.出血性胃炎
D.食管胃底曲张静脉破裂出血
E.应激性溃疡出血
参考答案：B
Passage Three
| Watching movie stars light up on screen may increase the odds a child or young teen will try smoking, study findings suggest. In this latest study, researchers at Dartmouth Medical School in Lebanon, New Hampshire found that the odds of a child smoking increased in tandem (一前一后，紧密相连) with the number of films with smoking scenes he or she had seen. This pattern remained regardless of other smoking risk factors such as having parents or friends who smoked, poor school performance or a self-reported "rebellious" nature. Dr. James D. Sargent and his colleagues report the findings in the December 15th issue of the British Medical Journal. In response to the findings, the British Medical Association (BMA) called on the UK film industry to "stub out" on-screen smoking. "When smoking is glamorized in movies, young people are encouraged to experiment with a lethal (致命的) habit," the BMA’s Dr. Vivienne Nathanson said in a statement. And an editorial accompanying the journal report made the same challenge to Hollywood. "It is time for the entertainment industry to accept responsibility for its actions and stop serving the interests of tobacco companies," writes Dr. Stanton A. Glantz of the University of California, San Francisco. Sargent’s team based the findings on a survey of nearly 5 000 Vermont and New Hampshire students aged 9 to 15. Students were asked whether they had seen any of 50 recent movies that the researchers had screened for the number of smoking scenes. They also answered questions about environmental risk factors for smoking, their personality traits and perceptions of their parents’ views on smoking. The investigators found that the number of smoking instances students had seen in the movies was correlated with their odds of having tried smoking. Kids who had seen 51 to 100 smoking occurrences were 70% more likely than those who had seen fewer to have smoked. And the odds were nearly three times greater among those who had seen 150-plus smoking scenes. According to the researchers, the effects of on-screen smoking were similar to those of having parent or sibling who smoked. "The results indicate that exposure to tobacco use in films is pervasive," Sargent’s team writes. "More importantly, such exposure is associated with trying smoking, which supports the hypothesis that films have a role in the initiation of smoking. " In his editorial, Glantz agrees, writing that the study "provides powerful new evidence" that smoking in movies does contribute to adolescent smoking. |
According to the researchers, ______.
A．on-screen smoking has more powerful effects on children than other environmental risk factors
B．on-screen smoking has almost the same effect on children as parents’ smoking does
C．children who have seen 150-plus smoking scenes are 70% more likely than those who have seen fewer to have smoked
D．children who have never seen any smoking instances in movies are not likely to try smoking