问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。

饮用水安全

  危机生活饮用水,作为老百姓赖以生存的必需品,其安全直接关乎生命健康。然而近日,国家发改委相关报告称,“1/4的居民没有清洁饮用水”。《中国城市饮用水安全保障规划》则显示,中国1073个重点城市地表饮用水源地有25%的水质不达标;地下水源地问题同样严重,115个地下水源地中,有35%不合格。

  卫生部的一份检测报告称,根据现有的检测技术,发现水中有2221种有机化合物,在饮用水中发现有756种,其中有20种致癌物,23种可疑致癌物,18种促癌物和56种致突变物,严重威胁国人的身体健康。

  水污染隐患令人担忧。世界卫生组织的调查显示,全世界80%的疾病,是由饮用了被污染的水而造成的。另据专家透露,目前我国每年因饮用水不安全引发疾病的情况多有发生,造成的经济损失,已经达到当年GDP的1%。

  然而,一个不容忽视的事实是,面对日益严重的水污染,我国绝大多数水厂却难以应对。现在国内的水厂,主要采用高锰酸钾消毒。这种传统的工艺,只能去除水源中的泥沙、胶体杂质、微生物,以及20%~30%的天然有机污染物,主要针对的是受轻度污染的水质。而近几年我国水污染事故频发,有1/3的水源是不合格的,水中有机化合物的种类繁多,传统工艺很难将其去除。

  如果水源不合格,要让老百姓喝上放心水,水厂就应采取深度处理的方法。所谓深度处理,就是在传统的工艺上,增加臭氧活性炭。活性炭可以吸附容易吸附的有机物,而臭氧可以将大分子量的有机物,氧化成小分子量的有机物,从而更加有利于活性炭吸附。经过臭氧活性炭处理的饮用水,可以解决20%~30%有机污染物的问题,使出厂的水质达到饮用标准。

  日本的供水系统,目前正普及一种新的过滤技术——膜工艺。膜的孔径只有0.01微米,可去除残留在水中的污染物及细菌等小分子杂质。与传统的工艺相比,膜工艺可以提高1倍的过滤量,出厂的水质比较优良。

  水厂做深度处理;需要大量的资金投入。采用臭氧活性炭的加工工艺,1吨水1天要花费300元。膜处理工艺更加贵,

1吨水1天要花费400元。采用这些工艺,势必要增加水厂的运行成本。而目前的现状是,我国许多城市,尤其是区县城镇的供水公司,常年处于亏损状态,根本无法对工艺、设施进行升级改造。

  同时,专家指出,虽然技术上可净化污水,但是保证生活饮用水的安全,首先要做的,也是最根本的,就是保证水源的安全。

1.以下不属于造成我国“饮用水安全危机”原因的一项是(     )

A.我国1/4的居民没有清洁饮用水,这威胁着国人的身体健康。

B.我国很多城市的饮用水源地的水质,出现了较为严重的不达标情况。

C.我国绝大多数的水厂采用的是传统工艺,难以应对日益严重的水污染。

D.我国绝大多数水厂缺乏资金,无法采用新工艺,不能对水进行深度处理。

2.下列表述,符合原文意思的一项是(     )

A.运用现有的检测技术,我们在饮用水中发现了756种威胁人类健康的有机化合物。

B.目前我国每年因饮用水不安全造成的经济损失,已经达到当年GDP的1%。

C.先进的水处理工艺能让人们喝上放心水,但无法从根本上解决饮用水安全危机。

D.膜处理工艺先进,和传统工艺相比,水的过滤量可提高1倍,出水更快。

3.根据原文提供的信息,以下推断正确的一项是(     )

A.要使出厂的水质达到饮用标准,水厂就需采用臭氧活性炭、膜工艺等深度处理的方法。

B.全世界多数疾病是由饮用了被污染的水而造成的,所以,我们少饮水就会少 生病。

C.日本的供水系统正在普及膜工艺,这表明日本也面临着较严重的水污染问题。

D.在水污染日益严重的今天,传统工艺很难全部去除水中的污染物,被淘汰势 在必然。

答案

1.A

2.C

3.C

完形填空
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个恰当的单词。
How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.
Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boy’s hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.
What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats, and more American men followed his example.
There is also a cyclical(周期性的) pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War II, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter until the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.
Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy” look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.
At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater, and it would be discourteous(失礼的) to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you don’t look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and you’ll see that no one else does either!
Fashion Change
People’s attitude towards fashion
In our life, teenagers or people in their early twenties care more about their小题1: ___.
Ordinary people just follow the trends of fashion passively.
小题2:that fashion has on people
People are able to feel more小题3:  or less embarrassed if they dress themselves fashionably.
People are constantly under 小题4:__to keep up with the fashion.
Causes of fashion changing
Sometimes a fashion can be小题5:  _ due to convenience or practical necessity, or just because of the fancy of an influential person.
Cyclical 小题6:in fashion
Some old小题7: may become popular again after a certain period of time.
Fashion today
People are free to dress or do their hair according to their小题8: instead of going after popularity.
Writer’s attitude
People must小题9:properly on some occasions and always 小题10: delighted even if you don’t look fashionable.
单项选择题