问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成(1)~(4)题。

海葬

尹全生

  蔚蓝的海,蔚蓝的天,蔚蓝的海和天的尽头,耸立着白得发亮的云山;白得发亮的云山下面,泊着一叶蓝灰色的帆。

  是该撒网的水域了。海沉默着,船上的五个人也都沉默着。三个年迈的渔夫铁青着脸,在船舱里无声地抽烟;阿根和鸽子坐在船板上,互相用眼睛传递着惶惑。

  这次出海本来就不是打鱼,而是一场阴谋。

  主谋是鸽子爷。鸽子是他五十岁那年捡来的。捡来了鸽子就没了鳏夫的孤独,却也捡来了数不清的艰辛。他用老渔夫多咸味儿的血汗养育他的心肝。为了鸽子少一声啼哭多一个笑脸加一件新衣,他曾被雷电的金鞭抽下大海,曾被黑鲨的尾鳍砍断肋骨……

  鸽子十九岁了,是条美人鱼呢!通风透亮的日子总浸透了苍老的欢笑。可是,他渐渐发现鸽子再不像只小猫,整天围着他撒娇,却与阿根那小子粘乎上了!鸽子的变化使他目眩使他恐慌。十九年了,他还从没想到过鸽子是会飞的。鸽子要是飞了,日子还叫什么日子?而且,他眼里的阿根哪点能同鸽子比呢?而且,阿根又姓魏!

  为此,他告诫,他劝说,他恳求……然而一切都是徒劳,鸽子总是羞红着脸说:“爷爷,这事您别管。”

  阿根这狗崽子,真把我鸽子的心勾去了!这哪儿成这哪儿成!鸽子爷终于请来了老二、老三合计对策。在荒僻渔村的古老的小屋里,掩起门窗,点起蜡烛,倒上大碗烈酒,喝得眼睛血红。

  “那狗崽子,要掏我的心哪!”鸽子爷抹去两行浊泪。

  “咱姓于,任他们成了,不是'喂鱼'么?”老二眼里燃着愤怒和恐慌。

  “拆!”老三一拳砸在桌子上。

  三个同胞兄弟捧着酒碗策化了一个险恶的阴谋:让阿根相帮出海捕鱼,到深海逼他中断与鸽子的往来;他若是不从就朝海里推了,喂鱼!如果一旦事发蹲监砍头,三个老兄弟一同摔碎酒碗一同低吼:“值!”

  ……宁静的海天,静穆的云帆。

  鸽子爷长长喷出一口浓烟,那烟仿佛是从正生火的炉灶里涌出来的:“阿根,你小子下来。”

  阿根仓皇不安地走进船舱,盯着鸽子爷的脚尖;鸽子轻手轻脚地跟进来,盯着阿根的脚跟。海上骤然风起,船晃起来。鸽子爷先发话:“你,往后不准再引我的鸽子!”阿根脸一红:“可我们……”

  鸽子脚尖磨着脚尖:“……合得来。”

  “你们姓氏相克!”

  阿根、鸽子异口同声说:“我们不信命。”

  涛起云涌,满海烧起了黑色的火焰,满天烧起了黑色的火焰。船被浪烧急了,窜上云端,又被云烧怕了,缩进浪谷。鸽子爷稳住身子,只冲阿根道:“你休想!”

  仍是异口同声:“我们铁了心!”

  老二、老三一拍大腿喝:“铁了心也得散!”船猛地一栽,像要翻跟头。阿根一把抱住就要跌倒的鸽子。老渔夫们的眼被烤红了,跃身挺起,齐发一声喊:“喂鱼!”

  骤雨嚎着泼着倾过来,雷电咆着闪着抽过来,海天啸着旋着碾过来!帆经不住威吓,勾结风暴,背叛了渔人,把腰一弓,船尾便插进海里,船首便翘进云里……一排浪 * * 笑着撞进船舱。

  老渔夫们中断了已近尾声的胁迫,一齐扑出船舱,用斧头、牙齿和老命折断了桅杆。而木质船体上被砸被撞被碾裂的道道口子,却是不能堵塞了。

  阿根舍命从船舷上抢到仅剩的两个救生圈,一个塞给鸽子,一个递向鸽子爷。鸽子爷鼻子里喷出声恶气,夺过救生圈,递向老二、老三;老二、老三却推回来,风浪中喊:“哥呀,带鸽子回去吧!”

  鸽子爷牛眼圆瞪,把四个人看了个遍,最后牛眼套住了阿根,青筋布满了额头。云在向下压,浪在往上涌;船在往下沉,血在朝上冒……猛然,救生圈套到了阿根脖子上;猛然,鸽子爷的声音盖住了风暴雷霆:“狗崽子!你要好好待我的鸽子!”

  老二、老三也只是一刹那的惊愕。

  三双枯手一同抹去两张嫩脸上的泪,三双枯手一同把两个跪着的人掀进了暴虐的大海,再喊一声:“回去吧!孩子!”

  六道期望的光柱,把两个救生圈推向谁也看不见的生命的彼岸……之后一闭眼,随浪头跌进船舱,坦然封起舱门,在齐腰深的水里站着,打开酒葫芦……好来劲的老酒啊!酒下了肚豪情就淹没了忧伤:“我们已经是儿女满堂的人了!”

  “我的鸽子,也有甜甜蜜蜜的日子啦!”

  满足的笑,苍老的笑,豪迈的老渔夫的笑!风暴掩不住,雷霆盖不住,海浪埋不住!虽然当风暴过后,这里只剩下那蔚蓝的海、蔚蓝的天。

  海呀……(选自《<小小说选刊>十五年获奖作品精选》)

(1)下列对小说有关内容的分析和概括,不恰当的两项是(     )

A.鸽子爷的形象既清晰又具体。说其清晰是因为小说完整的肖像描写,说其具体是因为作品对鸽子爷善良的描写也很详细。

B.如果他当初不捡这个女婴,就可以免去日后无数的辛劳。他不仅捡了鸽子,而且还把鸽子当做心肝儿来对待,因此他决不能把鸽子放飞。

C.鸽子爷怕阿根和鸽子姓氏相克,将会落个阿根葬身鱼腹、鸽子守寡、自己断孙的悲惨下场,拼着蹲监狱砍头的危险也要拆散这桩姻缘。

D.小说最后,作者向我们展示了鸽子爷的心理变化,我们通过作者简洁、生动、形象的神态和言行描写,看到了鸽子爷至高无上的大善大爱。

E.小说中极其简练的景物描写渲染了特定的氛围,烘托了人物的情趣、心境,表现人物的心理,也推动了故事情节的发展。

(2)分析鸽子爷的形象特点以及塑造人物所运用的手法。

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(3)说说文中策划“险恶的阴谋”这一情节的作用。

 __________________________________________________________

(4)请结合小说情节和环境,就小说“爱与悲剧”的主题加以探究。

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答案

(1)DE

(2)形象特点:艰辛、苍凉的生活背景和人生阅历形成了豪爽、粗犷、鲁莽、固执、凶残的性格,内心深处却隐藏着坦荡无私的大善大爱。

  手法:白描、肖像、动作、语言等描写手段,欲扬先抑的手法。(意对即可)

(3)没有“险恶的阴谋”就没有核心情节,就无法表现小说主题,无法为后面情节发展作铺垫。掀阿根下海喂鱼,把救生圈套在阿根身上,要他带回鸽子。一掀一救的核心思想,表现了鸽子爷用生命深深爱护着鸽子的善良品质。(意对即可)

(4)①因为爱,鸽子爷收养了鸽子;因为爱,鸽子爷反对鸽子阿根相好;还因为爱,鸽子爷兄弟三人策划了险恶的阴谋。

  ②这些爱由于自私、世俗的羁绊导致人与人之间的仇恨,酿成一个又一个的悲剧。

  ③小说把阴谋的实施或故事高潮设置在远离世俗的大海上,这里没有人与人的仇恨,只有生命对生命的守护,世俗之爱有限,而生命之爱无限。(以上各题意思对即可)

阅读理解
任务型阅读。阅读下面的短文,根据短文内容完成表格中所缺信息,每空一词。
     I once believed that a friend is a friend 'all the way'. Now I have changed my ideas about friendships.
     1. Friends of convenience. They can be the people who live next door or the mothers of our children's
closest friends. Friends of convenience (便利) are convenient indeed. They'll help us when we need them.
They'll look after our cats when we go on holiday. But we don't ever get too close or tell too much. We keep
our public face and emotional distance, which means that we'll talk about being overweight but not about
being sad or disappointed. However, people still feel these friendships valuable to them.
     2. Special-interest friends. These friendships aren't deeply personal or emotional. Their value lies in some
shared interest, so we may have an office friend, a tennis friend, or even a shopping friend.
     3. Historical friends. We all have a friend who knew us when… maybe we were back in the second
grade of primary school, when our family lived in that two-room flat downtown. He or she was the first,
the only friend we told our secrets to. The years have gone by, and we have gone different ways. We have
little in common now, but we're still a personal part of each other's past. We know how we looked before
our teeth were straightened, and our getting together reminds us of an earlier part of ourselves, which is
important and never lost.
     4. Cross-generational friends. These are friendships that form across generations (代). I have in my own
life a precious (珍贵的) friend, a woman of 65, who is wise, who listens well, and who represents not only
an ideal mother to me but also the person I'd like to be when I grow up. Best friends, I believe, totally love,
support and trust each other.
Types of friendsDescription of friends
Friends of convenienceThey can be the 1_______ or the mothers of our children's
closest friends. They can 2_______ us when we are in need.
Though we don't walk about emotional topics, this doesn't
mean that there isn't any 3_______ to be found in these
friendships.
Special-interest friendsWe usually 4_______ some interests with our special-interest
friends, so we may have an 5_______ friend, a tennis friend,
or even a shopping friend.
6_______ friendsThis kind of friendship was usually formed when we were
children, so we know how we 7_______ before our teeth were
straightened. Although we have little in common now, our
getting together can 8_______ us of each other's happy old days.
Cross-generational friendsCross-generational friends usually aren't from the 9_______
generation. A friend like this may 10_______ an ideal mother
or the person I want to be when I grow up.
单项选择题