问题 问答题

半径为R的光滑绝缘半球槽处在水平向右的匀强电场中,一质量为m的带电小球从槽的右端A处(与球心等高)无初速度沿轨道滑下,滑到最低点B时,球对轨道的压力为2mg.求:

(1)小球从A到B的过程中电场力做的功及电场力的大小;

(2)带电小球在滑动过程中的最大速度.

答案

(1)设小球运动到最低位置B时速度为v,此时N-mg=

v2
R
…①

由题意,N=2mg

解得:v=

gR

设电场力大小为F,做功为W,小球从A处沿槽滑到最底位置B的过程中,根据动能定理得:mgR+W=

1
2
mv2-0…②

由①、②两式得:W=-

1
2
mgR…③

所以此过程中电场力做负功,则电场力方向水平向右,由|W|=FR,得电场力大小为 F=|

W
R
|=
1
2
mg

(2)小球在滑动过程中最大速度的条件:是小球沿轨道运动过程某位置时切向合力为零,设此时小球和圆心间的连线与竖直方向的夹角为θ,如图

mgsinθ=Fcosθ…③

则得:tanθ=

1
2

小球由A处到最大速度位置得过程中,由动能定理得:

  mgRcosθ-

1
2
mgR(1-sinθ)=
1
2
m
v2m
-0

解得 vm=

(
5
-1)gR

答:(1)小球受到电场力的大小为

1
2
mg,方向水平向右;

(2)带电小球在滑动过程中的最大速度是

(
5
-1)gR

完形填空
完型填空。
     Tom lives in New York. His father has a shop and his mother is a doctor. He is seven years old now,
and begins      1      to school this autumn. It's far      2      from their shop and his father     3       him to
school every day.
So he     4       never late for school and his teachers all like him.
     It's Monday today, Miss Hunt is teaching them to      5      from one to ten. Sam is studying hard. Soon
he can count     6      . Miss Hunt is happy and      7      ,
     "How many people are there in your      8      , Sam?"
     Sam stands up and says, "Two, Miss Hunt."
     "    9      ''are they?"
     "My father and my mother."
     "Oh?" Miss Hunt is surprised. She says, " There are three people in your family."
     "But now I am not     10     . I am at school, you know!"
( ) 1. A. go     
( ) 2. A. away  
( ) 3. A. walks  
( ) 4. A. does  
( ) 5. A. count  
( ) 6. A. it  
( ) 7. A. answers  
( ) 8. A. house  
( ) 9. A. Whose  
( ) 10. A. at school
B. goes    
B. from   
B. brings
B. is  
B. want   
B. them  
B. says
B. home   
B. What   
B. in class
C. to go
C. to
C. carries
C. doesn't
C. know
C. they
C. tells
C. family
C. Which
C. at home
D. go to        
D. around      
D. drives      
D. isn't      
D. ask          
D. its          
D. asks        
D. room        
D. Who          
D. after school
判断题