问题 综合题

阅读材料回答:

材料一  1774年4月华盛顿说:“我想我可以宣布一个事实,单独或集体地争取独立,这并不是这个大陆上的哪个政府或任何人的愿望或兴趣所在。”

——《华盛顿传》

材料二  1776年2月华盛顿又说:“我们已决心与如此不公正不通人道的国家一刀两断,我们采取这一必然会促使我们幸福的步骤,是完全应该的。”

——《华盛顿传》

材料三 (按:美国独立战争后,农民的债务增加。终于导致了1786年谢司领导的农民起义,在起义被 * * 后。)华盛顿说:天呀,人的行为为什么竟然这样反复无常,出尔反尔!前些日子为了建立我们今天的制度,为了建立我们自己选择和创立的制度,我们还在流血牺牲,可是现在我们又拔出刀来,想要推翻这些制度,这件事真难以解释┅┅如无道理,就要马上运用政府的力量,给他们点颜色看看。

——《世界近代政治思想史》

请回答:

(1)比较材料一和材料二,说明华盛顿态度发生了什么变化?

(2)材料三华盛顿难以解释的历史现象的实质是什么?

(3)华盛顿对“以前共同奋斗,而今又反对”的这种制度认识上的缺陷在哪里?这两着斗争其实是什么性质的矛盾?

(4)材料三华盛顿的立场是什么?从他解决这个问题的方法上看,其阶级实质是什么?

(5)应怎样理解华盛顿在上述三则材料中的活动?

答案

(1)由主张不独立到主张脱离英国独立。

(2)其实质是维护资产阶级和种植园阶级的利益,反对人民革命运动。

(3)由于资产阶级的局限性,华盛顿没有认清人民斗争的实质都是反对资产阶级统治的。独立战争是北美人民反对英国资产阶级的殖民统治,而独立后的农民起义则是反对北美资产阶级的统治。

(4)站在资产阶级和种植园主的立场上。其阶级实质是 * * 人民的革命运动,维护其统治。

(5)材料一具有保守性,材料二代表北美人民的利益,材料三反映其资产阶级本质,有反人民的一面。综合三则材料,华盛顿作为美国资产阶级和种植园阶级的政治代表,有革命性的一面,也有妥协的反人民的一面。

三则材料分别反映了华盛顿在不同事件中的不同主张。在理解材料的基础上,要用阶级分析的观点认识华盛顿的阶级属性,即华盛顿作为资产阶级的代表,代表着资产阶级的利益,其本身既有革命性的一面(如材料二),又有妥协性(如材料一)和反人民的一面(如材料三)。根据华盛顿的阶级属性去分析回答华盛顿在美国独立问题上的态度和态度变化的原因,和对资本主义制度的认识及对农民起义的立场,华盛顿在三则材料中的活动的评述就比较简单了。本题失分误区易出现在第三问中,由于华盛顿资产阶级的局限性,不能理解人民群众的斗争实质都是反资产阶级统治的。

阅读理解

阅读下面短文,根据所读内容在文后第1至第5小题的空格里填上适当的单词或短语。注意:每空不超过

3 个单词。

     Host family accommodation, or living with host families, remains popular among language travel students

for its advantages. These days, host families are trying to offer more in terms of quality, for they still have

something to worry about.

     Host family accommodation is often seen as the number-one choice for its advantages in language study,

cultural communication and cost of living. Staying alongside host families enables students to get enough

practice for the short time of their studying so that their language acquisition is likely to become faster. Living

in host families also has the advantage for students of being able to spend a lot of time communicating with

their "host parents", and get to know the local way of life, people and culture. Another advantage is that host

family accommodation can sometimes be the least expensive. It attracts students for it ensures them a family

type of living at a low cost.

     The advantages, however, have not prevented host families form worrying. On one hand, some host families

are losing their unique selling point. The problem is that the majority of hosts in big cites, now generally single

and young, have less times available for students but the selling point for host family accommodation is

communication practice. One the other hand, students'expectations have risen. They are becoming more

demanding and asking for more than ever from their accommodation, as they come mainly from high socio-

economic groups in their own countries.

     To get out of the difficult situation, host families are now making efforts to improve the quality of service.

They are trying to making living conditions better, including broadband Internet service, private bathroom,

and access to plenty of hot water for long showers. They are also providing students with structured family

activities.

     It is believed that host family accommodation will keep the popularity vote with language travel students.

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