False rumors of fiscal improprieties damage the reputation of a bank. If management does not attempt to refute these rumors, they will circulate and eventually destroy customer confidence. But if management makes an effort to refute them, the refutation will raise more suspicions than it allays.
If all of the statements above are true, which of the following must on the basis of them be true

A．The reputation of a bank cannot be influenced by heavy advertising campaigns.

B．True rumors of fiscal improprieties do not do as much damage to customer confidence in a bank as false rumors do.

C．The best strategy for bank managers to adopt in the face of false rumors of fiscal improprieties is to address them directly.

D．Management cannot prevent already existing false rumors of fiscal improprieties from threatening a bank’s reputation.

E．(E) A bank’s reputation for fiscal responsibility can be enhanced by favorable word of mouth.