问题 填空题

(12分)(1)铁及铁的化合物应用广泛,如FeCl3可用作催化剂、印刷电路铜板腐蚀剂和外伤止血剂等。写出FeCl3溶液腐蚀印刷电路铜板的离子方程式                  

若将(1)中的反应设计成原电池,请画出原电池的装置图,标出正、负极。

(2)铅蓄电池是常见的化学电源之一,其充电、放电的总反应是:

2PbSO4  + 2H2OPb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4

铅蓄电池放电时,         (填物质名称)在负极发生反应。放电过程中硫酸浓度由5mol/L下降到 4mol/L,电解液体积为2000mL(反应过程溶液体积变化忽略不计);求放电过程中外电路中转移电子的物质的量为       mol。

(3)有人设计将两根Pt丝作电极插入KOH溶液中,然后向两极上分别通入甲烷和氧气而构成燃料电池。则此燃料电池工作时,其电极反应式为:

负极:                                     

正极:                                     

答案

(1)2Fe3+Cu=2Fe2+Cu2          

(2)铅    2  (3)CH4+10 OH―8e=CO32+7H2O     2O2+8e+4H2O=8OH

(1)铁离子的具有氧化性,能氧化铜,方程式为2Fe3+Cu=2Fe2+Cu2。根据方程式可知,铜失去电子,所以铜是负极,电解质溶液是氯化铁溶液。所以装置图为

(2)放电相当于原电池,充电相当于电解池。原电池中负极失去电子,发生氧化反应,所以根据方程式可判断,铅是负极,在负极发生反应。根据方程式可知,每消耗2mol硫酸,反应中就转移2mol电子。消耗硫酸是(5mol/L-4mol/L)×2.0mol=2.0mol,所以转移电子是2mol。

(3)在氢氧燃料电池,氢气在负极通入,氧气在正极通入。由于电解质是氢氧化钾溶液,所以正负极的电极反应式分别是正极:2O2+8e+4H2O=8OH、负极:CH4+10 OH―8e=CO32+7H2O。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     A poor traveler arrived at a small village. He had no food or money. He only had a cooking pot. He

made a small cooking fire, placed his pot on it, and poured in some water. When a few villagers asked

what he was doing, he said that he was making stone soup which was a recipe passed down from his

father. He then dropped (扔) a round stone into the pot.

     Then the traveler told the villagers stories of his travels and the exciting things he’d seen. He tasted

(品尝) his soup and said it was nice, but a bit of salt would be better. One villager went home and came

back with some salt for the soup.

     A few more villagers stopped to see what was going on when they heard the traveler speaking. The

traveler told more stories and said that some carrots or onions would be nice to the delicious soup. So

another villager said he could give a few carrots and brought them from his home.

     This continued with the traveler asking for onions, a bit of meat, celery (芹菜), potatoes to the soup.

     Finally, the soup was OK and everyone enjoyed the tasty meal.

1. What did the traveler have?

A. Some money.  

B. Some food.      

C. A cooking pot.  

D. Some salt.

2. What did the traveler put into the pot at first?

A. Some relish.    

B. Some vegetables.  

C. A stone.        

D. Some salt.

3. What did the traveler want to do when he said the soup was nice?

A. To let the villagers taste the soup.    

B. To have his meal.

C. To let people know his recipe.      

D. To get some salt for his soup.

4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. The traveler put tomatoes, potatoes and carrots into the soup.

B. The villagers were happy to taste the soup.

C. The traveler said the recipe was from his father.

D. The traveler got the soup and paid for nothing.

5. What can we learn from the passage?

A. The villagers were clever.      

B. The villagers didn’t like listening to stories.  

C. The traveler was slow.          

D. The traveler was very clever.

问答题 简答题