问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。

  所谓“变形”,是相对于“常形”而言。“常形”是指显示生活中客观物象的正常自然形态;“变形”是指客观五香反映带艺术中的形态的改变。在显示生活中,由于种种原因,物象的形态有时会出现变异,例如两头蛇、三脚鸡等,这种“变形”虽然怪异,但不是艺术美学研究的对象。艺术美学所研究的,是正常的自然形态在艺术边县中的变化及其美学意义。

  艺术上的“变形”氛围广义和狭义两种。从广义上说,任何种类和流派的艺术,不论其创作思想和手法多么不同,它所塑造的形象较之原形都会有某些强调、选择、集中乃至改变。从这个意义上说,变形乃是不是艺术反映生活的一种普遍现象。不过一般地说,艺术上关于“变形”的观念是指狭义的“变形”,它表现为客观物象的几何图形所发生的改变。例如杜甫的《古柏行》:“霜皮溜雨四十围,黛色参天二千尺。”宋代科学家沈括(字存中)分析道:“四十围乃是径七尺,无乃大细长乎?此亦文章病也。”沈括生得太早一些,他不懂得艺术变形的美学意义。比沈括稍晚的王观国有所不同,他:“‘四十围’、‘二千尺’者,姑言其大且高也。诗人之言当如此,而存中乃拘拘然以尺寸较之,则过矣。”其实,湖带诗歌中这类“变形”甚多,诸如“黄河之水天上来”、“飞流直下三千尺”、“白发三千丈”等等都是。当然古代诗人很懂得运用夸张的手法,可是未必有自觉的“变形”观念。

  宋元以来,“变形”的美学观念已经引起了人们的注意。到明清戏曲中,舞曲程式和脸谱等都是对生活常怒的改变。如脸谱中用红表忠诚,白表 * * 诈,舞蹈动作鸣冤叫屈时甩发,生离死别时跪步等,这些“变形”大大丰富和增强了戏曲艺术的表现手法和表现力。

  艺术作品中的“变形”是创作者主观感受的一种强化,因此艺术家们常用“变形”来表达自己的思想感情。例如清初八大山人的《鸣鱼图卷》,鱼、鸭的眼眶变成了圆形,眸子有的画成绿豆小点,有的画成圆弧线,传达出“白眼看天”的蔑视情绪。这种“变形”美学的本质,是对于传统道德,特别是对于理学的反叛,是人性的高标,个性的张扬。(摘编自曾祖荫、曾新《怪异:明清启蒙美学之特征》)

1.下列关于“变形”的表述,不正确的一项是(     )

A.客观物象在显示中具有正常的自然形态,艺术上所谓的“变形”,是指可挂表物象在艺术中表现出来的形态的改变。

B.在现实生活中客观物象的形态偶然会出现变异,由于这一现象不是艺术美学研究的对象,所以人们并不把它称为“变形”。

C.关于“变形”,艺术美学所研究的是正常的自然形态在艺术表现中所发生的变化,以及这种变化的美学意义。

D.艺术上所说的“变形”往往是指狭义的“变形”,即指在艺术表现中客观物象的几何图形所发生的改变。

2.下列理解,不符合原文意思的一项是(     )

A.杜甫诗“黛色参天二千尺”、礼拜诗“白发三千丈”等,都只是夸张手法,不见得是自觉的“变形”观念。

B.相对于现实生活,明清戏曲中的舞蹈程式和脸谱是一种典型的“变形”,这种“变形”有利于戏曲的发展。

C.艺术上的“变形”是创作者主观感受的强化,艺术家们只有采用这种办法,才能强烈地表达自己的思想感情。

D.清初八大山人的《鱼鸭图卷》表现了一种蔑视情绪,反映了他对于传统道德,特别是对于理学的反叛意识。

3.根据原文的内容,下列分析不正确的一项是(     )

A.艺术上的“变形”是相对于客观物象的“常形”而言的,可以说“变形”来源于“常形”,有时甚至“变形”就是“常形“。

B.在艺术上,广义层面上的“变形”是艺术反映生活的普遍现象,而狭义层面上的“变形”只是前者的一种特殊现象。

C.王观国认为沈括对于杜甫诗的批评是“拘拘然以尺寸较之,则过矣”,看来王观国已经有了一定的“变形”美学观念。

D.大致上,中国古代的“变形”美学观念在宋元时代受到人们注意,而到明清时候这种观念在实践中得到了大量的运用。

答案

1.B

2.C

3.A

阅读理解

  For five days, Edmonton’s Downtown Park is transformed into one huge stage where artists are able to share their talents, and where people are able to celebrate and enjoy themselves .Since is beginning in 1980,the Edmonton Folk Music Festival has been commemorating(念)the ture feeling of what folk music is all about and that's the traditional togetherness(友爱)that is felt when people gather to share stories and feelings through song.

  This year will be the sixth year when volunteer Riedel will be offering up her time to the festival. "People coming off a busy spring and summer have a moment of relaxation ," Riedel said. "It's really east to relax, and it's great seeing family and friends have fun together." These families and friends come from all different kinds of musical tastes. People who take pleasure in Blues are there, so are people who love Bluegrass. This festival does its best to develop everyone's musical interests.

  With so many years of expenence .the festival has become a well-oiled machine, and does whatever it can to make attendees feel as possible. There are free water stations throughout the venue(举办地)for people to fill up their travel cups. When people buy food, reusable ashes are given a $2 plate fee, but that is returned when the plate is brought back.

  The festival has completely sold out of tickets, and in record time. But with big names such as Van Morrison and Jakob Dylan, it’s easy to see how that was going to happen. There is no parking area during the festival, so using the Park & Ride system or Edmonton Transit is highly recommended. A bike lock-up area is provided and will be available Thursday until Sunday one hour before the gates open until 45 minutes after the gates close.

  The Edmonton Folk Music Festival begins on Wednesday, Aug.4 with Van Morrison playing the special donation fund (基金)concert, and will finish up on Sunday, Aug.8.

小题1:The Edmonton Folk Music Festival is held mainly to ___________.

A.gather people with different musical tastes

B.remind people of the real sense of folk music

C.exhibitive good voices of great talents in folk music

D.collect old stories of folk music小题2:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Riedel has volunteered for the festival for at least 5years.

B.It’s hard for people to appreciate Blues.

C.It costs people a little to fill up their cups from water stations.

D.People have to pay ﹩2 for a plate of food.小题3:We can learn from the passenger that____.

A.people can get tickets easily for the festival

B.the Edmonton Folk Music Festival is highly recommended.

C.driving one’s own car to the festival is highly recommended

D.bikes are available at the festival from Wednesday to Sunday小题4:What would the best title for the passenger?

A.Folk Music of Blues

B.One Festival Family Gathering

C.Festival for family Gathering

D.Edmonton’s Downtown Park

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