问题 填空题

(8分)生活中我们常利用原电池装置对金属进行防护。请你在下图的基础上设计一个原电池装置,阻止铁进一步与硫酸反应。

(1)在图中画出完整的装置图,标出另一电极材料和电子流向。

(2)铁电极是该原电池的_____极,发生     反应,电极反应式为            

溶液中的SO42-向_____极移动。

(3)该反应是放热反应,则生成物的总能量_____反应物的总能量(填“>”或“<”)。

答案

(1)如右图(Zn电极、电子流向各1分,共2分)

(2)正极,还原,2H+ +2e- = H2↑,负极(各1分,共4分)   (3)< (1分)

(1)原电池中较活泼的金属作负极,失去电子,发生氧化反应。较不活泼的金属作正极,正极得到电子,发生还原反应。所以要阻止铁和稀硫酸反应,则铁应该是正极,负极是比铁还活泼的金属,所以装置图为(见答案)。

(2)铁是正极,溶液中的氢离子在正极得到电子,发生还原反应,即阳离子向正极移动,则阴离子向负极移动,正极反应式为2H+ +2e- = H2↑。

(3)该反应是放热反应,则生成物的总能量小于反应物的总能量。

阅读理解

We know almost half the world is urban(都市的) now – but what will our world look like in the year 2100?

It took about a million years for the global human population to come up to 1 billion in 1800. In the next 200 years, it came up to 6 billion, and it will take only about 20 more years to add another billion. By 2100, the United Nations estimates that the global population will attain more than 10 billion.

By the end of 2008, slightly less than 50 percent of the global population lived in cities. If economic development proceeds at today’s pace, over the next century or so it is highly likely that 8 billion people will live in urban centers, up from today’s roughly 3.3 billion. Yes, the world will indeed be able to hold so many people. The major reason is urbanization(城市化). There will be many more new cities in the year 2100, and some of today’s large cities will become super cities, including Beijing, Delhi, Mumbai, Sao Paulo, Shanghai and so on. At the same time, recent advances in agriculture, energy, and water technologies suggest that human creations will keep up with population growth. Rural areas will return to an agrarian (农业的)centre to feed the growing cities. Languages will drop from the current 7,000 across the globe to less than a few hundred. English will be the primary language of the world.

As we compress(压缩) people into the urban center, and as we leave behind the rural areas to feed us – will we really live a happy life at that time? We will have to live together in large buildings in cities and save on energy and services delivery cost. There will be few chances for us to get close to nature. We really need to think about the effect of the things we have done and are doing now!

1. The underlined word “attain” in the second paragraph probably has the same meaning as “________”

A. increase      B. gain     C. reach     D. limit

2.  With the development of urbanization, people in 2100 will have to      .

A. stay in urban areas and have no chance to get close to nature

B. develop industry rather than agriculture to create job opportunities

C. live a poor and unhappy life because there will be less energy to use.

D. make more creations in agriculture, energy, and water technologies

3.  What is the author’s attitude towards urbanization?

A. supportive    B. disappointed   C. surprised    D. worried

4.  What is the best title for this passage?

A. Global urbanization in the year 2100

B. The primary language in the future

C. Reasons for the rapid increase of population

D. The development of agriculture in 2100

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