问题 论述题

1929年至1933年,爆发了席卷整个资本主义世界的经济危机。这次经济危机持续时间之长、危害强度之深,都是空前的。著名经济学家凯恩斯针对经济危机的原因和解决危机的对策提出了独特的见解。

小题1:凯恩斯认为导致资本主义经济危机的原因是什么?(5分)

小题2:现阶段,我国应如何借鉴凯恩斯的边际消费递减理论以扩大需求?(5分)

答案

小题1:凯恩斯认为,由于在现实生活中存在着边际消费倾向递减、资本边际效率递减和流动偏好,所以随着社会的发展必然出现有效需求不足的问题。有效需求不足使企业生产出来的东西卖不出去,企业减产停产乃至破产,最终导致资本主义经济危机的爆发,造成工人失业。

小题1:①依据凯恩斯的理论,中低收入者的边际消费倾向比高收入者的边际消费倾向高,因此,他们对国民经济中消费扩大的贡献比高收入者要大。②现阶段,我国社会中农民和城市低收人群体的边际消费倾向相对比较高,应千方百计增加他们的收入。提高他们的现金购买能力,扩大社会需求。

本题以1929年至1933年,爆发了席卷整个资本主义世界的经济危机为背景,考查学生对经济危机知识的理解。

小题1:没有难度,只是对基础知识的再现。主要从社会的发展必然出现有效需求不足、企业生产出来的东西卖不出去、企业减产停产乃至破产方面回答。

小题1:本题考查学生对知识的运用,有一定的难度,在回答时可以从中低收入者的边际消费倾向比高收入者的边际消费倾向高、我国社会中农民和城市低收人群体的边际消费倾向相对比较高方面来分析回答。

选择题
阅读理解

The area of child psychology is one of the most significant and well studied of all the branches of psychology. It aims to help with achieving a greater understanding of the behavior of children through an understanding of their minds. It deals with children who range from the prenatal(出生前的)stage right up to the stage of adolescence.

The psychologist Jean Piaget (1896-1980) has been credited with making a major breakthrough in this area when he put forward his idea that children were not actually less intelligent than adults, rather they just thought in a different way. Preciously the development of children right from birth through to adulthood was an area that was almost completely neglected. In fact very little work was done in this area. However, interest in this field has now developed to the point of being one of the most debated of all the areas of psychology.

Despite popular belief that factors such as genetics or personal characteristics are the only determining factors that influence a youth’s behavior, this is not in fact the case. In reality, development actually includes many more factors than those contained within an individual. Factors such as environment, which can include social relationships and the surrounding culture, also play important roles. Relationships with both peers and adults will no doubt affect how children think and learn, and therefore develop. These relationships can include those that are found not only within families but also in schools and peer groups.

Culturally speaking, this factor will contribute greatly to how children develop their personality concerning the values they end up holding (perhaps for a lifetime) as well as how they view such things as traditions and customs.

Nowadays, psychologists have agreed that a child’s psychology is both unique and highly complex. However, there are debates on many different points in this field and many viewpoints exist.

小题1:The word “neglected” underlined in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “______”.

A.ignored

B.destroyed

C.developed

D.explored小题2:What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?

A.Popular belief about child psychology.

B.The role families play in a child’s development.

C.Factors that affect a child’s development.

D.The importance of relationships to a child.小题3:The author’s purpose in writing the passage is to ____.

A.introduce an important psychologist.

B.give a brief introduction to child psychology.

C.compare some of the areas of psychology.

D.explain the development in psychology.