问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成下面问题。

  人类对技术的乐观或悲观倾向由来已久,但普林斯顿大学历史学家爱德华·泰讷的说法可能会使你大吃一惊:技术不仅没有给人类缔造福祉,反而极大地报复了人类。

  泰讷写道:就在我们欢庆又把自然世界的混乱削减了几分之时,我们制造的新机器开始脱离我们的控制,获得自身生命,通过“报复效应”让我们尝到屈辱的教训。

  报复效应与副作用不同:副作用是坏的影响,例如,服用抗抑郁药会导致腹泻。而报复效应的影响也很坏,但坏得让人啼笑皆非:抗抑郁药让人变得更加抑郁。核能发电是一种有效的能源,但它会产生污染,这是一种副作用;然而切尔诺贝利核反应堆爆炸的发生,却是由于该电站在试验一种新的安全防护系统,这就是典型的“报复效应”。

  泰纳拿出了许多事实证明他的论断

  火蚁是生活在美国东南部的一种毒蚁,因人被这种蚁咬伤后,会产生烧灼般的痛感,故名。伴随着DDT及其他强力杀虫剂的发明,美国政府曾于第二次世界大战后在东南部地区大量喷洒杀虫剂,试图一举灭绝火蚁。但30年后,政府不得不承认自己的失败。由于杀虫剂杀死了火蚁的各种天敌,事实上反而帮助了火蚁的繁衍。在这场人类技术对火蚁的大战中,技术被证明是它自身最大的敌人。

  美式足球的头盔,最初设计时是用来在激烈的对抗中保护运动员头部的,但在引进赛场之后,却造成了大量脊柱受伤的事故,原因是运动员们自动地把他们的新装备当作进攻的工具。旨在使足球运动更安全的技术实际应用起来,反而增加了该运动的危险性。

  最熟悉的例子也许莫过于抗菌素的使用了。本世纪早期,在抗菌素研制方面所取得的突破使一些人乐观地预测说,长期以来困扰人类的一些古老疾病将被彻底消灭。而现在,抗菌素的大量使用使细菌的抗药性空前提高,我们面对一波又一波致命的“超级虫”,却拿不出新的抗菌素来击败它们!根据同样的逻辑,围绕着一个城市所修建的道路越多,交通就越拥挤。

  据澳大利亚的一份报告,在过去10年,电脑技术非但没有像人们期待的那样创造出无纸办公室,反而使纸张的耗费量增加了4倍。这份报告说,每名办公室人员平均一年要用掉30公斤纸。为了满足商界对纸张的需求,1995年澳洲有165万棵树被砍伐。报告说,70%的普通办公用纸被扔掉后,没有得到循环利用,而是被当作填埋凹地的垃圾。

  技术反噬人类的事例,还可以举出许多。但我们与其把泰纳的说法当成一种绝望的声音,不如把它视为一种警告。日益复杂的技术文明常常会带来无法预料的结果,这些结果与人们当初的良好愿望大相径庭。然而无论如何,科学要向前发展,人类也日益进步。

1.根据文意,下列对“报复效应”的理解,准确的一项是(     )

A.技术不仅没有给人类缔造福祉,反而极大地报复了人类。

B.我们制造的新机器开始脱离我们的控制,让我们尝到屈辱的教训。

C.旨在解决现实问题的技术,反而使这些问题更加难以解决,并带来无法预料的后果。

D.切尔诺贝利核反应堆由于试验一种新的安全防护设施,反而引起核反应堆爆炸。

2.文章第四段说“泰讷拿出了许多事实来证明他的论断”,下列各项,不能证明他的论断的一项是(     )

A.美国政府试图用杀虫剂灭绝火蚁,反而帮助了火蚁的繁衍。

B.旨在使足球运动更安全的技术实际运用起来,反而增加了该运动的危险性。

C.围绕着一个城市所修建的道路越多,交通就越拥挤。

D.澳洲70%的普通办公用纸被扔掉后,没有得到循环利用,而是被当作填埋凹地的垃圾。

3.下列对“我们与其把泰讷的说法当成一种绝望的声音,不如把它视为一种警告”这句话的理解,正确的一项是(     )

A.我们不能因为泰讷的说法而对技术绝望,但应对技术可能带来的无法预料的后果保持警惕。

B.泰讷的说法表现出对技术绝望的悲观倾向,我们对科学技术的看法应该是乐观的,但也应该吸取泰讷说法中的有益因素。

C.我们一旦把泰讷的说法当成一种绝望的声音,也就起到了它的警告作用。

D.泰讷的说法不是对技术绝望,而是对人类滥用技术的严厉警告。

4.根据原文所提供的信息,以下推断正确的一项是(     )

A.技术是人类创造的,最终却将毁灭人类。

B.技术的报复效应虽然无法预料,却不能阻挡科学的发展和人类的进步。

C.人类创造的每一项技术,都不可避免地产生报复效应与副作用。

D.如果电脑技术进一步普及,将给澳大利亚的森林带来毁灭性的灾难。

答案

1.C

2.D

3.A

4.B

阅读理解

阅读下面1篇短文,短文后有6个句子,用这6个句子分别为每段话找出最佳的段意,其中第1段

已给出答案。

                                                   Healthy Days Raymond Knott 

                                     Published by Macbooks, London, 2004 212 pages

    Bookshops are full of books on healthy living. A new book needs a new idea. Raymond Knott's idea is

to organize his book like the human body with chapters on the head, eyes, chest and so on.

    Knott believes that we keep healthy by having a peaceful mind. He thinks we should not get too excited

about anything. He says people cannot be happy if they are not healthy, and cannot be healthy if they are

not happy. Some readers, like this one, may not agree with this.

    Knott has a lot to say about diet. One problem with the book is that he often says the same thing more

than once, so the same information on diet is given in the chapters on the skin, heart and stomach. Maybe

he does not expect people to read the book from start to finish, but only to read the chapters they are

interested in.

    Knott tells us to eat very little meat. He says fruit and vegetables are much more healthy for us. In the

chapter on the mouth, he advises us not to eat much sugar, and in the chapter on the heart, he writes a lot

about how dangerous salt is. Knott is a fan of water, and thinks we should drink as much as possible to

wash away things that are bad for us. He thinks this is the way to have good skin.

    In the chapter on the chest, Knott tells us to keep our lungs healthy by not smoking, and by making

them work hard. He believes that climbing stairs, steps and even mountains is very good exercise. This

exercise is also good for the heart. Knott says a lot more on exercise in the chapters on the arms and legs.

These are my favourite chapters. There are a lot of ideas for keeping fit and strong. Clear diagrams explain

the movements and they are easy to follow. 

    Knott believes that we can all be healthy by following his advice. I do not really agree with him. Healthy

living is very important, but not all ill-health is caused by the way we live. Sometimes our bodies are weak

and the problem is genetic, coming from our family, not from our habits. Knott does not say much about

doctors either. Going for health checks and tests is important, especially as we get older. Knott's book has

lovely pictures and some interesting ideas, but not all of them are good.

A. Reviewer's opinion of the book

B. Healthy diet advice

C. Organization of the book

D. Exercise advice

E. Repeated information Health and happiness advice

F. Health and happiness advice

Paragraph 1:       C      

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