问题 材料题

阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一:欧洲把合众国的建立视为明证:启蒙时代的许多思想都是切实可行的……歌德曾经若有所思的对美国称道说:

美利坚,你的那个大陆胜过我们的这个旧大陆——R.R.帕尔默《现代世界史》

材料二:战后的最初几年……更多的人认为对付这些印第安人最简单的办法就是把他们驱逐出白人的势力范围。乔治·华盛顿旗帜鲜明地支持这种意见。他说:“我们的扩张,将使这些野蛮人和狼都退出我们的视线。他们都是我们的猎物,只是外形不同。”——加里·纳什《美国人民:创建一个国家和一种社会》

材料三:美国一家图书馆收藏着第三帝国重建德意志昔日光辉的宣传海报(见下图)。有美国人认为海报中从左至右第一人为华盛顿,其余依次为俾斯麦、兴登堡、希特勒。

(1)根据材料一,结合所学知识,简要指出合众国的成立践行了哪些启蒙思想?歌德为什么说美洲大陆胜过了旧大陆?

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(2)概述材料二的核心内容,据此分析材料一、二的矛盾之处。

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(3)根据材料二、三,分析材料三中部分美国人认为左起第一位人物是华盛顿的原因是什么理由?你认为能将华盛顿与“海报”中的希特勒相提并论吗?为什么?

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答案

(1)启蒙思想:天赋 * * 说、社会契约论、三权分立说、人民主权论等。

理由:美国建立,并颁布了世界上第一部资产阶级民主宪法——1787年宪法,践行了启蒙运动的核心思想;而旧大陆仍然是封建专制制度占统治地位。

(2)内容:用暴力把印第安人驱除出白人势力范围,强占印第安人的土地。

矛盾:美国没有尊重印第安人的权利,违背了天赋 * * 等启蒙思想的原则。

(3)原因:希特勒推行种族优劣论,他们认为华盛顿用暴力驱逐印第安人与之有共同之处。

不能。华盛顿虽然主张用暴力驱逐印第安人,带有种族歧视的思想。但毕竟华盛顿是美国国父,开创了美国民主制度。这与主张独裁暴政的希特勒有着本质的不同。

阅读理解

“Mum, what does it mean when someone tells you that they have a skeleton (骨骼) in the closet (衣橱)?”Jessica asked. “A skeleton in the closet?” her mother paused thoughtfully, “Well, it’s something that you would rather not have anyone else know about. For example, if in the past, someone in Dad’s family had been arrested for stealing a horse, it would be ‘a skeleton in his family’s closet’. He really wouldn’t want any neighbor to know about it.”

“Why pick on my family?” Jessica’s father said with anger. “Your family history isn’t so good, you know. Wasn’t you great – great grandfather a prisoner who was transported to Australia for his crimes?”“Yes, but people these days say that you are not a real Australian unless your ancestors arrived as prisoners.”“Gosh, sorry I asked. I think I understand now,” Jessica cut in before things grew worse.

After dinner, the house was very quiet. Jessica’s parents were still quite angry with each other. Her mother was ironing clothes and every now and then she glared at her husband, who hid behind his newspaper pretending to read. When she finished, she gathered the freshly pressed clothes in her arms and walked to Jessica’s closet. Just as she opened the door and reached in to hang a skirt, a bony arm stuck out from the dark depths and a bundle of white bones fell to the floor. Jessica’s mother sank into a faint (晕倒), waking only when Jessica put a cold, wet cloth on her forehead. She looked up to see the worried faces of her husband and daughter.

“What happened? Where am I?” she asked. “You just destroyed the school’s skeleton, Mum,” explained Jessica. “I brought it home to help me with my health project. I meant to tell you, but it seemed that as soon as I mentioned skeletons and closets, it caused a problem between you and Dad.” Jessica looked in amazement as her parents began to laugh madly. “They’re both crazy,” she thought.

小题1:According to Jessica’s mother, “a skeleton in the closet” means         .

A.a family honor

B.a family secret

C.a family story

D.a family treasure小题2:What can we learn about some Australian’s ancestors from Paragraph 2?______.

A.They were brought to Australia as prisoners.

B.They were the earliest people living in Australia.

C.They were involved in some crimes in Australia.

D.They were not regarded as criminals in their days.小题3:Jessica’s mother fell down into a faint because she was          .

A.knocked

B.frightened

C.injured

D.surprised小题4:Why did Jessica bring a skeleton home? _________.

A.She was curious about it.

B.She planned to keep it for fun.

C.She needed it for her school task.

D.She intended to scare her parents.小题5:Jessica’s parents laughed madly at the end of the story probably because        .

A.they were crazy

B.they were overexcited

C.they realized their misunderstanding

D.they both thought they had won the quarrel

单项选择题