问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成下面问题。

  天然气(主要成分是甲烷)和水混合时产生的晶体物质,外貌极似冰雪,点火即可燃烧,故称之为“气冰”或“固体瓦斯”。它在自然界的分布十分广泛,海底以下0到1500米的大陆架和北极等地的永久冻土带都有可能存在,已探明的储量是传统化石能源(包括煤、石油、天然气等)的两倍。“气冰”可视为被高度压缩的天然气资源,每立方米能分解释放出160-180标准立方米的天然气。

  专家认为,形成“气冰”至少要满足三个方面的条件。首先是温度,海底温度在2℃至4℃时,适合“气冰”的形成,高于20℃则分解。其次是压力,在0℃时,只需要30个大气压就可以形成“气冰”。如果在海底,海深每增加10米,压力就增大1个大气压。因此,海深300米就可达到30个大气压。海越深,压力越大,“气冰”就越稳定。第三是气源,海底古生物尸体的沉积物,被细菌分解会产生甲烷,或者是天然气在地球深处产生并不断进入地壳。在此情况下,天然气可在介质的空隙中和水生成“气冰”;甲烷分子被若干个水分子形成的笼型结构接纳,生成笼型固体结晶水合物,分散在海底岩层的空隙中。在常温常压下,“气冰”则分解为甲烷和水。

  埋藏于海底岩石中的“气冰”,和石油、天然气相比,它不易开采和运输,世界上至今还没有完善的开采方案。有专家认为,开采这种水合物会给生态造成一系列严重问题。因为“气冰”中存在两种温室气体--甲烷和二氧化碳。甲烷是绝大多数“气冰’’中的主要成分,同时也是一种反应快速、影响明显的温室气体。“气冰”中甲烷的总量大致是大气中甲烷数量的3000倍。作为短期温室气体,甲烷比二氧化碳所产生的温室效应要大得多。有学者认为,在导致全球气候变暖方面,甲烷所起的作用是二氧化碳的10-20倍。如果开采时甲烷气体大量泄漏于大气中,造成的温室效应将比二氧化碳更加严重。而“气冰”矿藏哪怕受到最小的破坏,甚至是自然的破坏,都足以导致甲烷的大量释放。这种气体进入大气,无疑会使地球升温更快。

  另外,陆缘海边的“气冰”开采起来十分困难,至今尚没有非常成熟的勘探和开发的技术,一旦发生井喷事故,就会造成海水汽化,发生海啸翻船。此外,“气冰”也可能是引起地质灾害的主要因素之一。由于“气冰”经常作为沉积物的胶结物存在,它对沉积物的强度起着关键作用。“气冰”的形成和分解能够影响沉积物的强度,进而诱发海底大陆架滑坡等地质灾害。由此可见,作为未来新能源的“气冰”,也是一种危险的能源。“气冰”的开发利用就像一柄“双刃剑”,需要小心对待。

1.下列对“气冰”这一概念的理解,准确的一项是(     )

A.是天然气和水在一定的温度和压力条件下与介质混合产生的晶体物质。

B.是细菌分解海底古生物尸体所产生的以甲烷为主要成分的天然气,在介质中生成的固体结晶水合物。 C.是天然气和水在一定的温度和压力条件下混合时产生的晶体物质。

D.是天然气被水分子形成的笼型结构接纳,在地壳深处的空隙中与介质生成的笼型固体结晶水合物。 2.下列对“气冰”“是一种危险的能源”的理解,不正确的一项是(     )

A.和石油、天然气等能源相比,“气冰”在开采和运输过程中,可能给生态造成一系列严重问题。

B.“气冰”有利有弊,本身就像一柄“双刃剑”,从目前的情况看,“气冰”的危害远大于功用。

C.如果开发“气冰”资源发生井喷事故,无论对海洋生态还是对海上航行,都会构成极大的威胁。

D.“气冰”在常温常压下会分解为甲烷和水,能够影响沉积物的强度,进而可能诱发海底地质灾害。

3.下列解说,符合原文意思的一项是(     )

A.“气冰”的气源有海底古生物尸体的沉积物被细菌分解后产生的甲烷,还有在地球深处产生并进入地壳的天然气。

B.与温室气体二氧化碳相比,在导致当前全球气候变暖方面,“气冰”所起的作用决不比二氧化碳小。 C.如果不进行人工开采,“气冰”矿藏就不会遭到破坏,也不会导致甲烷气体泄漏、增加温室效应。

D.开发已探明的“气冰”资源比开采石油、天然气等传统化石能源困难,这是由陆缘海边的特殊地质条件决定的。

4.根据原文所提供的信息,以下推断不正确的一项是(     )

A.如果拥有了完善的开采技术,储量巨大的“气冰”成为新一代能源是完全可能的。

B.我国有辽阔的海域,根据地质条件分析,理论上应该有“气冰”存在的可能。

C.开采过程中,必须确保“气冰”处于一定的压力状态下,以免甲烷气体泄漏。

D.“气冰”利用的前景广阔,但开采困难,短期内还难以找到开发的技术方法。

答案

1.C

2.B

3.A

4.D

阅读理解

Are you carrying too much on your back at school? I’m sure lots of children of your age will, say "Yes". Not only the students in China have this problem, but children in the United States also have heavy school bags.

Doctors are starting to worry that younger and younger students are having back and neck problems as a result of schools bags being too heavy for them.

"It’s hard for me to go upstairs with my bag because it’s so heavy, "said Rick Hammond, an 11-year-old student in the US.

Rick is among students who have common school bags with two straps(带子) to carry them, but many other students choose rolling(有滚轮的)bags.

But even with rolling bags, getting up stairs and buses is still a problem for children. Many of them have hurt their backs and necks because of the heavy school bags.

But how much is too much? Doctors say students should carry no more than 10% to 15% of their own body weight(重量).

Scott Bautch, a back doctor, said children under Grade 4 should stay with 10 % . But it is also important that older children don’t stay with over 15 %, because their bodies are still growing. "Children are losing their balance(平衡) and falling down with their school bags, "he said.

Parents and teachers are starting to tell children to only take home library books they will be reading that night. Some teachers are using pieces of paper or thin workbooks for students to take home.

One of the best answers is, as some children said, to have no homework at all!

小题1: From the passage we can know that      .

A.only children in China carry too heavy school bags

B.children in other countries don’t carry too heavy bags

C.both children in China and the US carry too heavy school bags

D.only children in the US carry too heavy school bags小题2:Children feel it hard for them to go upstairs because

A.they are too young

B.their school bags are too heavy

C.they don’t know how to go upstairs

D.their parents don’t always go upstairs with them together小题3:If a child carries a heavy school bag,        .

A.his back and neck will be hurt

B.his head and arms will be hurt

C.his hands will be hurt

D.his feet will be hurt小题4:According to the doctor, Scott Bautch, if a child in Grade 5 weighs(重) about 30 kilos, the school bag he carries should not be over               

A.5 kilos

B.3 kilos

C.5. 5 kilos

D.4, 5 kilos小题5:Some students think the best answer to his problems is that             . .

A.they should have a little homework to do after they get home

B.their teachers had better not ask them to do any homework

C.they should only take home library books they will read that night

D. they should use thin workbooks instead of thick ones

选择题