古代世界有位思想家认为：“美德不是孤立存在的一些观念和准则，_爱下问搜题

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问题选择题

古代世界有位思想家认为：“美德不是孤立存在的一些观念和准则，任何美德都须具备相应的知识，无知的人不会真正有美德。每一种美德都离不开知识，知识是美德的本质。”这位先哲

A．首次用观察的经验解释自然现象

B．主张“人是万物的尺度”，强调人的价值、人的决定作用

C．使哲学真正成为一门独立的学科

D．使哲学真正成为一门研究“人”的学问

答案

答案：D

题目分析：由材料中“美德不是孤立存在的一些观念和准则，任何美德都须具备相应的知识，无知的人不会真正有美德。每一种美德都离不开知识，知识是美德的本质。”可知这位先哲是苏格拉底；A．首次用观察的经验解释自然现象，说的是自然哲学家，B．主张“人是万物的尺度”，强调人的价值、人的决定作用，是智者学派主张；C．使哲学真正成为一门独立的学科，是亚里士多德的贡献；D．使哲学真正成为一门研究“人”的学问，是苏格拉底的贡献，故此题应选D项

点评：智者学派和苏格拉底的思想有什么相同点和不同点。

相同点：两者都把人类社会当作研究的主体，都重视人的价值，否定绝对权威，注重人、人性，体现了人文主义精神。

不同点：①智者学派否定一切对人的约束，认为每个人所有的需要都是正确的；强调个人自由，忽视社会道德。苏格拉底更重视人的伦理道德，强调个人的要求必须满足一定的道德规范，强调美德对人的重要性，强调“知德合一”。②智者学派主张民主政治，所有人都是平等的，人是万物的尺度；苏格拉底主张有知识、有德性的少数人治国，即“有思想力的人是万物的尺度”，反对过激的民主政治。

阅读理解

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阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。
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     In a memory-based competition between you and a chimp(猩猩); who do you think would win? If
you put yourself on top, you might want to guess again.
     In a test that challenged participants to remember numbers, a young chimp performed better than
Japanese college students.
     Here's how the test worked. At Kyoto University in Japan, human students and chimpanzee
participants sat in front of a computer. Five numbers, ranging from 1 to 9, were combined with one
another and then, they appeared at random places on the screen.
     The numbers stayed on the screen for less than a second. In the first test, for example, participants
saw the numbers for 650 milliseconds(about two-thirds of a second).
     Then, each number disappeared and they saw a white square instead. Participants had to touch the
squares in numerical order, based on the numbers that had been there a moment before. In this test, the
students touched the boxes in the correct order about 80 percent of the time. A young chimp named
Ayumu performed equally well.
     During a harder test, participants were only able to see the numbers for 210 milliseconds.
     This time, students only succeeded in putting the boxes in the correct order about 40 percent of the
time. But Ayumu still could select the boxes in the fight order nearly 80 percent of the time.
     Some people have what's called a "photographic memory," which allows them to remember a
surprising number of details after just a quick glimpse of something. Ayumu's memory might work in a
similar way says lead researcher Tetsuro Matsuzawa.
    The chimp's young age might have something to do with his impressive performance, too. In previous
tests, the Japanese researchers found that young chimps performed better than their mothers.
     The scientists are interested to see whether Ayumu loses his strong memory as he grows older. They
already know that young children sometimes have sharp memories when offered something photographical, but they lose this ability over time.

Topic	A (1)_________ competition between human beings and chimps
purpose	To judge whose memory is better
The (2)_______ Of the first test	◆A chimp and some Japanese students participated in the competition and sat before a computer. ◆Different (3)________ of five numbers appeared on the screen. ◆Each of the number was (4)________ by a white square.
The results of the second test	◆Students(5)________to put the boxes in the right order about 40% of the time. ◆Ayumu got the right order (6)_________ the time of the students'.
conclusion	◆Some people have "photographic memory", (7)_______ some people to remember numbers after they (8)________ at something. ◆The chimps have the similar (9)_________ to human beings'. ◆Young children, just like chimps, have strong memory but they'll lose it when they (10)___________.

填空题

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